Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T01:27:11.136Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Minimum Labour Standards Enforcement in Australia: Caught in the Crossfire?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2023

Miles Goodwin
Affiliation:
Queensland University of Technology Business School
Glenda Maconachie
Affiliation:
Queensland University of Technology Business School
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The complex transition from convict to free labour influenced state intervention in the employment relationship, and initiated the first minimum labour standards in Australia in 1828. Since then, two principal sets of tensions have affected the enforcement of such standards: tensions between government and employers, and tensions between the major political parties over industrial and economic issues. This article argues that these tensions have resulted in a sustained legacy affecting minimum labour standards’ enforcement in Australia. The article outlines broad historical developments and contexts of minimum labour standards’ enforcement in Australia since 1828, with more contemporary exploration focusing specifically on enforcement practices and policies in the Australian federal industrial relations jurisdiction. Current enforcement practices are an outcome of this volatile history, and past influences remain strong.

Type
Symposium
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2011

References

Andrews, K. (2006) MP Media Release 074/06, 3 April, Canberra.Google Scholar
Arbitration Inspectorate (1954) Arbitration Inspectorate Manual, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.Google Scholar
Arbitration Inspectorate (1984–1989) Annual Reports, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.Google Scholar
Australia (1989) Commonwealth Gazette, 8 March.Google Scholar
Australia (2006) Commonwealth Gazette, No. S 42, 17 March 2006.Google Scholar
Australian Archives (1928a) Report from Steward, Principal Industrial Registrar to Attorney General Latham, 14 November. Series A432/86 Item 29/479.Google Scholar
Australian Archives (1928b) Letter from Garran, Secretary, Attorney-General’s Department to C. J. Munden issuing Attorney-General Latham’s instructions, 25 August, Series A432/86 Item 29/479.Google Scholar
Australian Broadcasting Commission (2007) ‘More than 55pc of Australians oppose Work Choices: Poll’, available: http://abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200703/s1881101.htm [accessed 10 March 2011].Google Scholar
Ayers, I., Braithwaite, J. (1992) Responsive Regulation: Transcending the Deregulation Debate, Oxford University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Baldwin, R, Black, J (2008) ‘Really responsive regulation’, Modern Law Review, 71(1), pp. 5994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, A (2006) ‘Trade unionism in 2005’, Journal of Industrial Relations, 48(3), pp. 369384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennett, L. (1994) Making Labour Law in Australia: Industrial Relations, Politics and Law, The Law Book Company Ltd, North Ryde.Google Scholar
Cashen, J. (1980) ‘Masters and servants in early South Australia’, The Push from the Bush, 6, pp. 2331.Google Scholar
Davidson, A. (1975) ‘A skeleton in the cupboard: Master and servant legislation and the industrial torts in Tasmania’, University of Tasmania Law Review, 5, pp. 123146.Google Scholar
Department of Industrial Relations (1972–1995) Annual Reports, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.Google Scholar
Department of Employment and Industrial Relations (1984) Submission to the Committee of Review into Australian Industrial Relations Law and Systems (the Hancock Committee), Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.Google Scholar
Department of Employment and Workplace Relations (1997–2007) Annual Reports, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.Google Scholar
Ellem, B. (2007) More work, less choice: The impact of national labour re-regulation on low-paid women workers in the Australian Capital Territory, Work and Organisational Studies and Women and Work Research Group: University of Sydney.Google Scholar
Fair Work Ombudsman (2010) Annual Report 2009–10, available: http://www.fairwork.gov.au/Publications/Annual%20report/Fair-work-Ombudsman-Annual-Report-2009-10.pdf [accessed 10 March 2011].Google Scholar
Foenander, O. (1937) Towards Industrial Peace in Australia: A Series of Essays in the History of the Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne.Google Scholar
Forsyth, A. (2007) Freedom to Fire: Economic Dismissals under Work Choices, Report for the Victorian Office of the Workplace Rights Advocate, Monash University, August.Google Scholar
Forsyth, A., Sunderland, C. (2006) ‘From “uncharted seas” to “stormy waters”: How will unions fare under the Work Choices legislation?’, Economic and Labour Relations Review, 16(2), pp. 215236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodwin, M. (2003) The Great Wage Robbery: Enforcement of Minimum Labour Standards in Australia, unpublished PhD thesis, School of Industrial Relations and Organisational Behaviour, The University of New South Wales.Google Scholar
Goodwin, M., Maconachie, G. (2007) ‘Unpaid entitlement recovery in the federal industrial relations system: Strategy and outcomes 1952–95’, Journal of Industrial Relations, 49(4), pp. 523544.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodwin, M., Maconachie, G. (2008a) Victimisation, inspection and workers' entitlements: Lessons not learnt?, Paper presented at the Asia-Pacific Economic and Business History Conference, Melbourne, 13–15 February.Google Scholar
Goodwin, M., Maconachie, G. (2008b) ‘Political influence and the enforcement of minimum labour standards in the Australian federal industrial relations jurisdiction’, in Stanton, P., Young, S. (eds) Workers, Corporations, and Community: Facing Choices for a Sustainable Future, Vol. 1 Refereed Papers, Proceedings of 22nd AIRAANZ Conference, La Trobe University, Melbourne, 6–8 February, available: http://www.mngt.waikato.ac.nz/departments/Strategy%20and%20Human%20Resource%20Management/airaanz/proceedings/melbourne2008/ref/M.%20Goodwin,%20G.%20Maconachie.pdf [accessed 1 July 2011].Google Scholar
Group of 150 Australian Industrial Relations, Labour Market and Legal Academics (2005) Research evidence about the effects of the ‘Work Choices' Bill, A Submission to the Inquiry into the Workplace Relations Amendment (Work Choices) Bill 2005, November.Google Scholar
Hancock, K., Richardson, S. (2004) ‘Economic and social effects’, in Isaac, J., Macintyre, S. (eds) The New Province for Law and Order; 100 Years of Australian Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 139154.Google Scholar
Hardy, T. (2009) ‘A changing of the guard: Enforcement of workplace relations laws Since Work Choices and beyond’, in Forsyth, A., Stewart, A. (eds) Fair Work: The New Workplace Laws and the Work Choices Legacy, The Federation Press, Sydney, pp. 7598.Google Scholar
Hardy, T., Howe, J. (2009) ‘Partners in enforcement? The new balance between government and trade union enforcement of employment standards in Australia’, Australian Journal of Labour Law, 22(3), pp. 306336.Google Scholar
Hawkins, K., Thomas, J. (1984) ‘The enforcement process in regulatory bureaucracies’, in Hawkins, K., Thomas, J. (eds) Enforcing Regulation, Kluwer-Nijhoff, Boston, pp. 6796.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hutter, B. (1988) The Reasonable Arm of the Law: The Law Enforcement Procedures of Environment Health Officers, Clarendon Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Hutter, B. (1989) ‘Variations in Regulatory Enforcement Styles’, Law and Policy, 11(2), pp. 153174.Google Scholar
Industrial Relations Bureau (1978–1983) Annual Reports, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.Google Scholar
Interviews (1996) conducted September—November 1996 with 10 former inspectors and senior inspectors, with an average of 14.5 years experience each.Google Scholar
Johnstone, R., Parker, C. (2010) Enforceable undertakings in action — Report of a roundtable discussion with australian regulators, Working Paper 71, National Research Centre for OHS Regulation, ANU, Canberra, February.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Juddery, B. (1980) White Collar Power: A History of the ACOA, George Allen and Unwin, Sydney.Google Scholar
Kercher, B. (1996) Debt, Seduction and Other Disasters: the Birth of Civil Law in Convict New South Wales, The Federation Press, Sydney.Google Scholar
Kirby, M., Creighton, B. (2004) ‘The law of conciliation and arbitration’, in Isaac, J., Macintyre, S. (eds) The New Province for Law and Order; 100 Years of Australian industrial Conciliation and Arbitration, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 98138.Google Scholar
Krueger, A. (2000) ‘Anti-trade zealots are off-track’, Australian Financial Review, 11 October, p. 43.Google Scholar
Lee, M. (2005) ‘Whatever happened to the arbitration inspectorate? The reconstruction of industrial enforcement in Australia’, in Baird, M., Cooper, R., Westcott, M. (eds) Reworking Work, 19th Conference of the Association of Industrial Relations Academics of Australia and New Zealand(AIRAANZ), University of Sydney, February, pp. 341342.Google Scholar
McCallum, R. (2007) ‘Australian labour law after the Work Choices avalanche: Developing an employment law for our children.’ Journal of Industrial Relations, 49(3), pp. 436454.Google Scholar
McDonald, T., Rimmer, M. (1989) ‘Award restructuring and wages policy’, Growth, 37, pp. 111134.Google Scholar
Macklin, R., Goodwin, M., Docherty, J. (1993) ‘Workplace bargaining structures and processes in Australia’ in Peetz, D., Preston, A., Docherty, J. (eds) Workplace Bargaining in the International Context, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, pp. 370.Google Scholar
Maconachie, G., Goodwin, M. (2006) ‘Recouping wage underpayment: Increasingly less likely?’, Australian Journal of Social Issues, 41(3), pp. 327342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maconachie, G., Goodwin, M. (2010a) ‘Employer evasion of workers' entitlements 1986–1995: Why, what and whose?’, Journal of Industrial Relations, 52(4), pp. 419439.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maconachie, G., Goodwin, M. (2010b) ‘Transforming the inspection blitz: Targeted campaigns and the Ombudsman’, Labour and Industry, 21(1), pp. 369389.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maconachie, G., Goodwin, M. (2011) ‘Does institutional location protect from political influence? The case of a minimum labour standards enforcement agency in Australia,’ Australian Journal of Political Science, 46(1), pp. 105119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McQueen, R. (1987) ‘Master and servants legislation in the 19th Century Australian colonies’, Law and History in Australia, 4, pp. 78110.Google Scholar
McQueen, R. (1992) ‘Master and servant legislation as “social control”: The role of law in labour relations on the Darling Downs 1860–1870 — A Review Article’, Law in Context, 10(1), pp. 123139.Google Scholar
Merritt, A. (1982) ‘Forgotten militants: Use of the New South Wales Masters and Servants Acts by and against female employees 1845–1930’, Law and History in Australia, 1, pp. 54104.Google Scholar
Merritt, A. (1982a) ‘The historical role of law in the regulation of employment’, Australian Journal of Law and Society, 1(1), pp. 5686.Google Scholar
Office of Workplace Services (2004) OWS Policy Guide (DEWR: Canberra), clause 5.3.Google Scholar
O'Neill, S., Neilsen, M. A. (2008) Workplace Relations Amendment (Transition to Forward with Fairness) Bill 2008, Bills Digest no. 72, 2007–08, 8 March.Google Scholar
Patmore, G. (1991) Australian Labour History, Longman Cheshire, Melbourne.Google Scholar
Peetz, D. (1998) Unions in a Contrary World, Cambridge University Press, Melbourne.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peetz, D. (2006) Brave New Work Place — How Individual Contracts are Changing our Jobs, Allen and Unwin, Crows Nest, NSW.Google Scholar
Quinlan, M. (1998) ‘Labour market restructuring in industrialised societies: An overview’, Economics and Labour Relations Review, 9, pp. 130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quinlan, M. (2004) ‘Australia 1977–1902: A “working man’s paradise”?’ in Craven, P., Hay, D. (eds) Masters, Servants, and Magistrates in Britain and the Empire 1562–1955, University of North Carolina Press, pp. 219250.Google Scholar
Quinlan, M, Goodwin, M (2005) ‘Combating the tyranny of flexibility: Shop assistants and the struggle to regulate closing hours in the Australian colony of Victoria, 1880–1900’, Social History, 30(3), pp. 342365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quinlan, M., Mayhew, C., Bohle, P. (2001) ‘The global expansion of precarious employment, work disorganisation, and consequences for occupational Health: Placing the debate in a comparative context’, International Journal of Health Services, 31(3), pp. 507536.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rayner, T. (1980) ‘Master and servant in the New Norfolk Magistrates' Court 1838’, The Push from the Bush, 6, pp. 3441.Google Scholar
Rowse, T. (2004) ‘Elusive middle ground: A political history’, in Isaac, J., Macintyre, S. (eds) The New Province for Law and Order: 100 years of Australian Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 1754.Google Scholar
Stewart, A. (2008) Stewart’s Guide to Employment Law, Federation Press, Sydney.Google Scholar
Walker, J. (1988) Jondaryan Station, University of Queensland Press, St Lucia.Google Scholar
Weil, D. (2008) ‘A strategic approach to labour inspection’, International Labour Review, 147(4), pp. 349375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, F. (1933) The Constitutional Development of Australia, George G. Harrap and Co. Ltd., Sydney.Google Scholar
Workplace Ombudsman (various) Annual Reports (2007, 2008) Canberra.Google Scholar
Workplace Ombudsman (2008) Submission of the Office of the Workplace Ombudsman to AIRC Award Modernisation Process, 6 June.Google Scholar