Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T19:56:11.941Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Casual University Work: Choice, Risk, Inequity and the Case for Regulation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2023

Anne Junor*
Affiliation:
Industrial Relations Research Centre, The University of New South Wales
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Australian universities now have a headcount casualisation rate near the national workforce average. Reasons for, and impacts of, this development are explored, and an argument is made for the role of industrial regulation in reconciling requirements for flexibility, security and equity in university employment. Responses to a large survey of casual academic and general staff suggest that this employment mode is a minority preference. Discrete groups of casual university staff, including those seeking university careers, those with other secure income sources, and students in transit to other careers, experience different forms and levels of insecurity and inequity. Appropriately targeted regulatory responses thus include criteria-based caps, a general staff conversion mechanism, a work value review, access to increments and service entitlements, and workplace representation rights.

Type
Current Issues
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2004

Footnotes

1

This paper is based on evidence collected during one phases of an Australian Research Council SPIRT Grant funded project. Industry Partners were three TAFE Institutes, the ACTU, the National Tertiary Education Union and the Australian Education Union, lain Campbell, Jennifer Curtin and Barbara Preston were research associates in the other phases of the project. Thanks to Harry Oxley and Margaret Wallace for help with survey design and statistical analysis in the university phase. The views are those of the author alone.

References

ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) (1997a) Multiple Jobholding, Australia, ABS Cat. No. 6216.0, Canberra.Google Scholar
ABS (1997b) Part-time, Casual and Temporary Employment, New South Wales, ABS Cat. No. 6247.1, Canberra.Google Scholar
AIRC (Australian Industrial Relations Commission) Full Bench (1998) Higher Education Contract of Employment Award, Print H0837.Google Scholar
AIRC Full Bench (2000) Metal, Engineering and Associated Industries Award, 1998 — Part I, Variation Decision 29/12/00, Print T4991.Google Scholar
AIRC Full Bench (2002a) Higher Education Academic Salaries Award 2002, Print AW820200.Google Scholar
AIRC Senior Deputy President Duncan (2002b) Australian Universities Academic and Related Staff (Salaries) Award1987 and University of Newcastle (Academic Staff) Enterprise Agreement 2000, Determination, 11/1/02, Print PR913087.Google Scholar
AIRC (2003) UNSW (Academic Staff) Enterprise Agreement 2003, Print AG828173.Google Scholar
Altbach, P. and Davis, T. (1999) ‘Global Challenge and National Response: Notes for an International Dialogue on Higher Education’, in Altbach, P. and Peterson, P. (Eds) Higher Education in the 21st Century: Global Challenge and National Response, IIE Research Report Number 29, Institute of International Education and the Boston College Centre for International and Higher Education, Annapolis, pp. 310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barker, K. (1998) ‘Toiling for Piece-rates and Accumulating Deficits: Contingent Work in Higher Education’, in Barker, K. and Christensen, K. (Eds), Contingent Work: American Employment Relations in Transition, ILR Press, Cornell, Ithaca, pp. 195220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benjamin, E. (1998) ‘On the Excessive Reliance on Part-Time Faculty Appointments’, Academe, January-February, 26.Google Scholar
Bohle, P., Quinlan, M., Mayhew, C. (2001) ‘The Health and Safety Effects of Job Insecurity: An Evaluation of the Evidence’, The Economic and Labour Relations Review, 12 (1): 3260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradley, C. (1995) ‘Managerialism in South Australian Universities’, Labour and Industry, 6 (2): 141153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bryson, C., Rice, C., Scurry, T. (n.d.) The Implications of the Use of Part-Time Teachers: Final report. Roneo (United Kingdom).Google Scholar
Buckell, J. (2003) ‘Fixed-Term Drift Halted’, The Australian Higher Education Supplement, 17 Dec: 179.Google Scholar
Campbell, I., Burgess, J. (2001) ‘A New Estimate of Casual Employment?’, Australian Bulletin of Labour, 27 (2): 85108.Google Scholar
Crannell, A. (1998) ‘Graduate Students, Young Faculty and Temporary Positions: A Tangled Issue’, Academe, Jan.-Feb.: 236–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, J, (1985) The Logic of Causal Order, Sage, Beverly Hills.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DEST (Department of Education, Science and Training) (2003) Staff 2003: Selected Higher Education Statistics. Tables. http://www.dest.gov.au/highered/statistics/staff/03/staff2003, Accessed 22/4/04.Google Scholar
Doogan, K. (2003) The ‘New Economy’, Labour Market Change and the Rise of the Long-Term Workforce. Paper to the Second Annual Conference of the Australian Society of Heterodox Economists, The University of New South Wales, Dec 1617.Google Scholar
Foster, D., Foster, E. (1998) ‘It’s a Buyer’s Market: “Disposable Professors”, Grade Inflation and other Problems’, Academe, Jan.-Feb.: 2835.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hargens, L., Long, J. (2002) ‘Demographic Inertia and Women’s Representation among Faculty in Higher Education’, Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 73 (4): 494517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Junor, A. (1999) ‘Restructuring Women’s Work 1987 to 1998: Flexible Skills and Polarised Diversity’, in Morris, R., et al (eds), Workplace Reform and Enterprise Bargaining: Issues, Trends and Cases, Harcourt Brace, Sydney, Second edition, pp. 307336.Google Scholar
Leatherman, C. (1997) ‘Heavy Reliance on Low-Paid Lecturers said to Produce “Faceless Departments’”, Chronicle of Higher Education, 43 (29), A12-A13.Google Scholar
Marginson, S., Considine, M. (2000) The Enterprise University: Power, Governance and Reinvention in Australia, Cambridge University Press, Melbourne.Google Scholar
Mullen, P. (1995) ‘Casualisation and Budgetary Devolution’, AUT Bulletin, 201, October: 2021.Google Scholar
Murtough, G., Waite, M. (2000) The Growth of Non-Traditional Employment: Are Jobs becoming more Precarious?’ Staff research paper, Productivity Commission, Melbourne, http://www.pc.gov.au/research/staffres/nontrademp/index.html#publish, [Accessed 4/4/02].CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murtough, G., Waite, M. (2001) ‘A New Estimate of Casual Employment?: Reply’, Australian Bulletin of Labour, 27 (2): 109117.Google Scholar
Mylett, T. (2003), The Intensification of Labour Market Polarisation in Metals Manufacturing in Australia in the 1990s. Unpublished PhD, University of Wollongong.Google Scholar
Hon.Nelson, B., Hon.Abbott, A. (2003) New Workplace Relations Requirements for Universities. Joint media release 07103, with attachment Higher Education Workplace Relations Requirements, 22 Sept., http://www.dewrsb.gov.au/ministersandMediaCentre/mediacentre [Accessed 7/10/03].Google Scholar
Nollen, S. and Axel, H. (1998) ‘Benefits and Costs to Employers’, in Barker, K. and Christensen, L. (Eds), Contingent Work: American Employment Relations in Transition, ILR Press, Ithaca, pp. 126143.Google Scholar
OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) (2002) Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators 2002, OECD, Paris.Google Scholar
Pocock, B., Buchanan, J., Campbell, I. (2004) ‘“New” Industrial Relations: Meeting the Challenge of Casual Work in Australia’, in New Economies: New Industrial Relations, Proceedings of the 18th AIRAANZ Conference, 3–6 February, Noosa Queensland, Vol. 2, Un-Refereed Abstracts and Papers: 208216.Google Scholar
Rhoades, G. (1996) ‘Reorganising the Faculty Workforce for Flexibility: Part-Time Professional Labour’, Journal of Higher Education, 67 (6): 626659.Google Scholar
Senate Employment, Workplace Relations and Education References Committee (2003), Hacking Australia’s Future: Threats to Institutional Autonomy, Academic Freedom and Student Choice in Higher Education, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra.Google Scholar
Standing, G. (1997) ‘Globalisation, Labour Insecurity and Flexibility’, European Journal of Industrial Relations, 3: 737.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tham, J.-C. (2004) ‘Employment Security of Casual Employees: A Legal Perspective’, in Barry, M. and Brosnan, P. (Eds) New Economies: New Industrial Relations, Proceedings of the 18th AIRAANZ Conference, 3–6 February, Noosa Queensland, Vol.1, Refereed Papers: 516524.Google Scholar
Vigneau, C., et al (eds) (1999) Fixed-Term Work in the EU: A European Agreement against Discrimination and Abuse, SALTSA — Joint Program for Working Life Research in Europe, National Institute for Working Life, Arbetslivinstitutet, Stockholm.Google Scholar
Watson, I., Buchanan, J., Campbell, I., Briggs, C. (2003) Fragmented Futures: new Challenges in Working Life, The Federation Press, Sydney.Google Scholar
Weller, S., Cussen, J., Webber, M. (1999) ‘Casual Employment and Employer Strategy’, Labour and Industry, 10 (1): 1534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wooden, M. (1998) ‘Is Job Stability Really Declining?’, Australian Bulletin of Labour, 24 (3): 186193.Google Scholar
Wooden, M. (2001) ‘How Temporary are Australia’s Casual Jobs?’, Work, Employment and Society, 16: 875883.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wooden, M., Warren, D. (2003) The Characteristics of Casual and Fixed-Term Employment: Evidence from the HILDA Survey, Melbourne Institute Working Paper No. 15/03, June, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne.Google Scholar