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Extended formulation in cognitive behavioural therapy for OCD: a single case experimental design

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 September 2020

Eleanor Chatburn ,
Josie Millar  and
Joachim Ryan
Eleanor Chatburn*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
Josie Millar
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
Joachim Ryan
Affiliation:
Wiltshire Psychological Therapies Service, Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, UK
*
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
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Abstract

The demanding nature of exposure work that forms an essential component of exposure and response prevention (ERP) for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is for some patients intolerable and leads to disengagement. The addition of cognitive therapy to ERP (CBT) with a focus on developing a shared understanding of how OCD works may aid engagement. This paper reports a case study of an individual who had not responded to two previous courses of ERP due to engagement difficulties with the treatment rationale. This study aimed to establish if CBT for OCD, incorporating an extended period of assessment and longitudinal formulation, would: (1) aid in engagement with the treatment rationale and therapy and (2) lead to an improvement in OCD symptoms, general functioning and mood. An A–B single case experimental design was used. Standardised measures were collected at weekly intervals over 15 sessions of CBT, in conjunction with pre–post idiographic behavioural measures. The extended formulation was successful in helping the individual to develop a less threatening understanding of how OCD works, enabling her to engage in therapy. This led to a reduction in the duration of the overt compulsions in her behavioural measures although on the standardised measures there was no change in self-reported OCD symptoms. The patient’s covert rituals and underlying responsibility and control beliefs largely remained intact, thus maintaining her OCD and requiring further intervention. There was a significant improvement in social functioning and consequently the patient reported being able to regain a sense of some control in her life.

Key learning aims

  1. (1) To describe the factors that might lead to a patient disengaging from exposure work in treatment for OCD.

  2. (2) To identify the advantages and disadvantages of incorporating a period of extended formulation when working with patients who have not previously been able to tolerate exposure work.

  3. (3) To describe ways of monitoring observable improvements in areas of functioning that matter to the patient in order to help them to celebrate their progress and boost their sense of self-efficacy.

Keywords

case formulationCBTcognitive behavioural therapyERPexposure and response preventionobsessive compulsive disorderOCD
Type
Case Study
Information
the Cognitive Behaviour Therapist , Volume 13 , 2020 , e38
Copyright
© British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies 2020

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References

Further reading

Bream, V., Challacombe, F., Palmer, A., & Salkovskis, P. (2017). Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rector, N. A., Richter, M. A., Katz, D., & Leybman, M. (2019). Does the addition of cognitive therapy to exposure and response prevention for obsessive compulsive disorder enhance clinical efficacy? A randomized controlled trial in a community setting. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 1–18. doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12188Google Scholar

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