Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T02:20:54.037Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Organic Factors in Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

Arthur K. Shapiro ,
Elaine Shapiro ,
Henriette Wayne  and
John Clarkin
Arthur K. Shapiro
Affiliation:
Special Studies Laboratory, From the Special Studies Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Pychology, Payne Whitney Clinic, New York Hospital—Cornell University Medical College, 525 East 68th Street, New York, New York 10021
Elaine Shapiro
Affiliation:
From the Special Studies Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Pychology, Payne Whitney Clinic, New York Hospital—Cornell University Medical College, 525 East 68th Street, New York, New York 10021
Henriette Wayne
Affiliation:
From the Special Studies Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Pychology, Payne Whitney Clinic, New York Hospital—Cornell University Medical College, 525 East 68th Street, New York, New York 10021
John Clarkin
Affiliation:
From the Special Studies Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Pychology, Payne Whitney Clinic, New York Hospital—Cornell University Medical College, 525 East 68th Street, New York, New York 10021
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome had been considered an organic, often hereditary illness for many years after it was first described in 1885 (1, 2), but when medicine became psychologically oriented, the syndrome was more frequently classified as a psychological illness (3), and patients have been said to be schizophrenic, psychotic, obsessive-compulsive, hysteric, to have inhibited aggression, and eventually to deteriorate intellectually and psychologically. However, no support for common psychopathological and dynamic factors was found in our previous study of 34 patients or in a review of the literature (4). Recently, as medicine has shifted back from a psychological orientation, and as case histories have accumulated, an organic aetiology has been more frequently postulated.

Type
Research Article
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 122 , Issue 571 , June 1973 , pp. 659 - 664
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1973 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Gilles de la Tourette, G. (1885). ‘Études sur une affection nerveuse caracterisée par l'incoordination motrice accompagnée d'écholalie et de coprolalie (jumping, latah, myriachit).’ Arch. de Neurol. (Paris), 9, 158.Google Scholar
2 Corbin, K. B. (1970). ‘Common neurophysiology factors reported in literature.’ N.Y.S. J. Med., 70, 2193.Google Scholar
3 Shapiro, A. K., and Shapiro, E. (1971). ‘Clinical dangers of psychological theorizing.’ Psychiat. Quart., 45, 159.Google Scholar
4 Shapiro, A. K., Shapiro, E., Wayne, H., and Clarkin, J. (1972). ‘The psychopathology of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome.’ Amer. J. Psychiat., 129, 427–34.Google Scholar
5 Lucas, A. R., Kauffman, P. E., and Morris, E. M. (1967). ‘Gilles de la Tourette's disease: a clinical study of fifteen cases.’ J. Amer. Acad. Child Psychiat., 6, 700.Google Scholar
6 Mahler, M. S., Luke, J. A., and Daltroff, W. (1945). ‘Clinical and follow-up study of the tic syndrome in children.’ Amer. J. Orthopsychiat., 15, 631.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7 Fernando, S. J. M. (1967). ‘Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome: a report on four cases and a review of published case reports.’ Brit. J. Psychiat., 113, 607.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8 Kelman, D. H. (1965). ‘Gilles de la Tourette's disease in children: A review of the literature.’ J. Child Psychol. Psychiat., 6, 219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9 Fisher, G. M. (1960). ‘A correlated table for determining the significance of the difference between verbal and performance IQs on the WAIS and the Wechsler-Bellevue.’ J. clin. Psychol., 16, 7.3.0.CO;2-V>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10 Piotrowski, Z. (1937). ‘The Rorschach inkblot method in organic disturbances of the central nervous system.’ J. nero. ment. Dis., 86, 525.Google Scholar
11 Hutt, M., and Brisken, F. (1960). The Clinical Use of the Revised Bender-Gestalt Test. New York: Grune and Stratton.Google Scholar
12 Koppitz, E. M. (1963). The Bender-Gestalt Test for Young Children. New York: Grune and Stratton.Google Scholar
13 Field, J. R., Corbin, K. B., Goldstein, N. P., and Klass, D. W. (1966). ‘Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome.’ Neurology, 16, 453.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14 Challas, G., Chapel, J. L., and Jenkins, R. L. (1967). ‘Tourette's disease: control of symptoms and its clinical course.’ Intl. J. Neuropsychiat., 3, 96.Google Scholar
15 Dolmierski, R., and Kloss, M. (1964). ‘De la maladie de Gilles de la Tourette.’ Ann. méd-psychol., 120, 252.Google Scholar
16 Guggenheim, P., and Haynal, A. (1964). ‘Über electroenzephalographische Untersuchungen bei der Maladie Gilles de la Tourette.’ Schweiz. Arch. Neurol. u. Psychiat., 94, 265.Google Scholar
17 Gibbs, F. A., Gibbs, E. L., and Lennox, W. (1943). ‘Electroencephalographic classification of epileptic patients and control subjects.’ Arch. Neur. Psychiat., 50, 111.Google Scholar
18 Ascher, E. (1948). ‘Psychodynamic considerations in Gilles de la Tourette's disease (maladie des tics): with a report of five cases of the literature.’ Amer. J. Psychiat., 105, 267.Google Scholar
19 Mesnikoff, A. M. (1959). ‘Three cases of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome treated with psychotherapy and chlorpromazine.’ Arch. Neur. Psychiat., 81, 710.Google Scholar
20 Schneck, J. M. (1960). ‘Gilles de la Tourette's disease.’ Amer. J. Psychiat., 117, 78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21 Dunlap, J. R. (1960). ‘A case of Gilles de la Tourette's disease (maladie des tics): A study of intra-family dynamics.’ J. nerv. ment. Dis., 130, 340.Google Scholar
22 Bruch, H., and Thum, L. C. (1968). ‘Maladie des tics and maternal psychosis.’ J. nerv. ment. Dis., 146, 446.Google Scholar
23 Lindner, H., and Stevens, H. (1967). ‘Hypnotherapy and psychodynamics in the syndrome of Gilles de de la Tourette.’ Intl. J. clin. exper. Hyp., 25, 151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24 Morphew, J. A., and Sim, M. (1969). ‘Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome: a clinical and psychopathological study.’ Brit. J. med. Psychol., 42, 293.Google Scholar
25 Shapiro, A. K., Shapiro, E., and Wayne, H. ‘Birth, developmental, and family histories, and demographic information in Tourette's syndrome.’ Submitted for publication.Google Scholar
26 Shapiro, A. K., Shapiro, E., and Wayne, H. ‘The treatment of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome with haloperidol: review of 34 cases.’ Submitted for publication.Google Scholar
27 Eisenberg, L., Ascher, E., and Kanner, L. (1959). ‘A clinical study of Gilles de la Tourette's disease (maladie des tics) in children.’ Amer. J. Psychiat., 115, 715.Google Scholar
28 Lucas, A. R. (1970). ‘Gilles de la Tourette's disease: an overview.’ N.Y.S. J. Med., 70, 2197.Google Scholar
29 Mahler, M. S., and Rangell, L. (1943). ‘A psychosomatic study of maladie des tics (Gilles de la Tourette's disease).’ Psychiat. Quart., 17, 579.Google Scholar
30 Mazur, W. P. (1953a). ‘Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome.’ Edinb. med. J., 60, 427.Google Scholar
31 Mazur, W. P. (1953b). ‘Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome.’ Canad. med. Assn. J., 69, 520.Google Scholar
32 Balthazar, K. (1956). ‘Über das anatomishe Substrat der generalisierten Tic-Krankheit (maladie des tics, Gilles de la Tourette): Entwicklungshemmung des Corpus Striatum.’ Arch. Psychiat. Nervenkr., 195, 531.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33 Rapoport, J. (1959). ‘Maladie des tics in children.’ Amer. J. Psychiat., 116, 177.Google Scholar
34 Bockner, S. (1959). ‘Gilles de la Tourette's disease.’ J. ment. Sc., 105, 1078.Google Scholar
35 Milman, D. H. (1960). ‘Multiple tics.’ Amer. J. Psychiat., 116, 935.Google Scholar
36 Baker, E. F. W. (1962). ‘Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome treated with bimedial frontal leukotomy.’ Canad. med. Assn. J., 86, 746.Google Scholar
37 Wechsler, I. S. (1952). Clinical Neurology. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders and Co.Google Scholar
38 MacDonald, I. A. (1963). ‘A case of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, with some etiological observations.’ J. Amer. Acad. Child Psychiat., 6, 700.Google Scholar
39 Faux, E. J. (1966). ‘Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome.’ Amer. J. Psychiat., 14, 139.Google Scholar
40 Shapiro, A. K., and Shapiro, E. (1968). ‘Treatment of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome with haloperidol.’ Brit. J. Psychiat., 114, 345.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
41 Pasamanick, B., and Kawi, A. (1956). ‘A study of the association of prenatal and paranatal factors with the development of tics in children.’ J. Pediat., 48, 596.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.