Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T15:50:24.272Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Negative Symptoms as a Risk Factor for Tardive Dyskinesia in Schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Peter F. Liddle ,
Thomas R. E. Barnes ,
Jeremy Speller  and
David Kibel
Peter F. Liddle*
Affiliation:
Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0HS
Thomas R. E. Barnes
Affiliation:
Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, London
Jeremy Speller
Affiliation:
Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, London
David Kibel
Affiliation:
St Bernard's Wing, Ealing Hospital, Middlesex
*
∗Correspondence
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Investigation of the relationships between negative schizophrenic symptoms, abnormal involuntary movements and age in 179 chronic schizophrenic patients confirmed that both orofacial and trunk and limb dyskinesia are associated with negative symptoms, but only orofacial dyskinesia showed a significant increase in prevalence with increasing age. Estimation of the mean age of onset of orofacial dyskinesia from the observed variation in prevalence of orofacial dyskinesia with age indicated that patients having negative symptoms tend to develop orofacial dyskinesia at an earlier age. The estimated mean age of onset was 43.6 years in patients with substantial negative symptoms, and 54.6 years in patients without substantial negative symptoms. These findings support the proposal that the pathological process underlying negative symptoms can contribute to the occurrence of both orofacial and trunk and limb dyskinesia, but, in the case of orofacial dyskinesia, there is a synergistic interaction between the pathological process underlying negative symptoms and age-related neuronal changes.

Type
Research Article
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 163 , Issue 6 , December 1993 , pp. 776 - 780
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Psychiatric Association (1980) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd edn) (DSM–III). Washington, DC: APA.Google Scholar
Barnes, T. R. E. (1990) Movement disorder associated with antipsychotic drugs: the tardive syndromes. International Review of Psychiatry, 2, 353–366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, T. R. E. & Trauer, T. (1982) Reliability and validity of a tardive dyskinesia videotape rating technique. British Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 508–515.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barnes, T. R. E., Kidger, T. & Gore, S. (1983) Tardive dyskinesia: a 3-year follow-up study. Psychological Medicine, 13, 71–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barnes, T. R. E. & Liddle, P. F. (1985) Tardive dyskinesia: implications for schizophrenia? In Schizophrenia: New Pharmacological and Clinical Developments (eds Schiff, A. A., Roth, M. & Freeman, H.). London: Royal Society of Medicine.Google Scholar
Crow, T. J. (1980) Molecular pathology of schizophrenia: more than one disease process. British Medical Journal, 280, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crow, T. J., Owens, D. G. C., Johnstone, E. C., et al (1983) Does tardive dyskinesia exist? Modern Problems in Pharmacopsychiatry, 21, 206–219.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Degkwitz, R., Binsack, K. F., Herkert, H., et al (1967) Zum Problem der persistieren den extrapyrimidalen Hyperlinesen nach langfristiger Anwendung von Neuroleptica. Nervenarzt, 38, 170–174.Google Scholar
Farran-Ridge, C. (1926) Some symptoms referable to the basal ganglia occurring in dementia praecox and epidemic encephalitis. Journal of Mental Science, 72, 513–523.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glazer, W. M., Morgenstern, H., Niedwiecki, D., et al (1988) Heterogeneity of tardive dyskinesia. A multivariate analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 253–259.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kane, J. M. & Smith, J. M. (1982) Tardive dyskinesia: prevalence and risk factors, 1959 to 1979. Archives of General Psychiatry, 39, 473–481.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kidger, T., Trauer, T., Barnes, T. R. E., et al (1980) Subsyndromes of tardive dyskinesia. Psychological Medicine, 10, 513–520.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krawieka, M., Goldberg, D. & Vaughan, M. (1977) A standard psychiatric assessment scale for rating chronic psychotic patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 55, 299–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kraepelin, E. (1919) Dementia Praecox and Paraphrenia (trans. by Barclay, R. M.), (ed. Robertson, G. M.). Edinburgh: Livingstone.Google Scholar
Lewis, D. (1960) Quantitative Methods in Psychology. New York: McGraw Hill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shonecker, M. (1957) Ein eigentumliches syndrom im oralen bereich bei megapheapplikation. Nervenarzt, 28, 35–42.Google Scholar
Waddington, J. L., Youssef, H. A., Molloy, A. G., et al (1985) Association of intellectual impairment, negative symptoms, and aging with tardive dyskinesia: clinical and animal studies. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 46, 29–33.Google ScholarPubMed
Yarden, P. E. & Discipio, W. J. (1971) Abnormal movements and prognosis in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 128, 97–103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.