Hostname: page-component-7b9c58cd5d-nzzs5 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-03-16T05:58:10.979Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Comparison of the General Health Questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Glyn Lewis  and
Simon Wessely
Glyn Lewis*
Affiliation:
General Practice Research Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF
Simon Wessely
Affiliation:
National Hospital for Nervous Diseases, Queen Square, London WC1
*
∗Correspondence
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The specificity and sensitivity of the HAD, 12-item GHQ and CIS were calculated by comparing the scores of dermatological patients on these tests with a criterion measure of disorder. Since psychiatry, along with many other branches of medicine, does not have an error-free criterion, it was assumed that the criterion was an underlying latent construct which was measured by all of the tests and could be derived by factor analysis from the scores on them. No differences were found between the two questionnaires (HAD and GHQ) in their ability to detect cases of minor psychiatric disorder although they were somewhat less reliable than the CIS.

Type
Papers
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 157 , Issue 6 , December 1990 , pp. 860 - 864
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, M. J. & Yen, W. M. (1979) Introduction to Measurement Theory. Monterey, California: Brooks-Cole.Google Scholar
Andrews, H., Barczak, P. & Allan, R. (1988) Psychiatric illness in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gut, 12, 1600–1604.Google Scholar
Aylard, P. R., Gooding, J. H., McKenna, P. J., et al (1987) A validation study of three anxiety and depression self-assessment scales. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 31, 261–268.Google Scholar
Barczak, P., Kane, N., Andrews, S., et al (1988) Patterns of psychiatric morbidity in a genito-urinary clinic: a validation of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. British Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 698–700.Google Scholar
Bridges, K. W. & Goldberg, D. P. (1986) The validation of the GHQ-28 and the use of the MMSE in neurological in-patients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 548–553.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carmines, E. G. & Zeller, R. A. (1979) Reliability and Validity Assessment. Beverly Hills: SAGE.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fleiss, J. L. (1981) Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions. New York: Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Goldberg, D. P. (1972) The Detection of Psychiatric Illness by Questionnaire. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Goldberg, D. P. & Williams, P. (1988) A User's Guide to the General Health Questionnaire. Windsor: NFER-NELSON.Google Scholar
Goldberg, D. P., Cooper, B., Eastwood, M. R., et al (1970) A standardised psychiatric interview for use in community surveys. British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 24, 18–23.Google Scholar
Goldberg, D. P., Rickels, K., Downing, R., et al (1976) A comparison of two psychiatric screening tests. British Journal of Psychiatry, 129, 61–67.Google Scholar
Hanley, J. A. & McNeil, B. J. (1983) A method of comparing areas under Receiver Operating Characteristic curves derived from the same cases. Radiology, 148, 839–843.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Joreskog, K. G. (1971) Statistical analysis of sets of congeneric sets. Psychometrika, 36, 109–135.Google Scholar
Joreskog, K. G. & Sorbom, D. (1984) lisrel vi: Analysis of Linear Structural Relationships by the Method of Maximum Likelihood. Indiana: Scientific Software Ltd.Google Scholar
Kirk, C. A. & Saunders, M. (1979) Psychiatric illness in a neurological out-patient department in North East England. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 60, 427–437.Google Scholar
Lewis, G., Pelosi, A. J., Glover, E. et al (1988) The development of a computerised assessment for minor psychiatric disorder. Psychological Medicine, 18, 737–745.Google Scholar
Mari, J. de J. & Williams, P. (1985) A comparison of the validity of two psychiatric screening questionnaires (GHQ-12 and SRQ-20) in Brazil, using Relative Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. Psychological Medicine, 15, 651–659.Google Scholar
Mayou, R. & Hawton, K. (1986) Psychiatric disorder in the general hospital. British Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 172–190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Metz, C. E., Wang, P.-L. & Kronman, H. B. (1984) University of Chicago: rocfit, Department of Radiology and the Franklin McLean Memorial Hospital Research Institute.Google Scholar
Rose, G. & Barker, D. J. P. (1978a) Repeatability and validity. British Medical Journal, ii, 1070–1071.Google Scholar
Rose, G. & Barker, D. J. P. (1978b) What is a case? Dichotomy or continuum? British Medical Journal, ii, 873–874.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vasquez-Barquero, J. L., Acero, J. A. P., Martin, C. P., et al (1985) The psychiatric correlates of coronary pathology: validity of the GHQ-60 as a screening instrument. Psychological Medicine, 15, 589–596.Google Scholar
Wessely, S. & Lewis, G. H. (1989) The classification of psychiatric morbidity in attenders at a dermatology clinic. British Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 686–691.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilkinson, M. J. B. & Barczak, P. (1988) Psychiatric screening in general practice: comparison of the general health questionnaire and the hospital and anxiety depression scale. Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 38, 311–313.Google ScholarPubMed
Zigmond, A. S. & Snaith, R. P. (1983) The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67, 361–370.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.