Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T21:43:11.609Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A Common Language for the Psychotherapies?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

Anthony Ryle
Anthony Ryle*
Affiliation:
University Health Service, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

The account of mental processes emerging from the work of cognitive psychologists is briefly reviewed, and aspects of the theoretical basis of the work of psychoanalytic and behaviourist psychotherapists are considered in the light of this. It is argued that in both traditions increasing attention is being paid to cognitive processes. A restatement of psychoanalytic theory in cognitive terms could free it from its present confusion of metaphors, and an extension of behaviourist theory in this direction could free it from reductionism. The advantages of the adoption of a common language, based on the models of cognitive psychology, to theory, practice and research are briefly considered.

Type
Papers
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 132 , Issue 6 , June 1978 , pp. 585 - 594
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1978 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amacher, P. (1974) The concept of the pleasure principle and infantile erogenous zones shaped by Freud's neurological education. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 43, 218–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bandura, A. (1977a) Social Learning Theory. N. J. Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Bandura, A. (1977b) Self-efficacy—towards a unifying theory of behavioural change. Psychological Review, 84, 191–215.Google Scholar
Barratt, B. B. (1976) Freud's Psychology as Interpretation. In: Psychoanalysis and Contemporary Science Vol. 5. (ed Shapiro, ). N.Y.: Int. Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Bartlett, F. C. (1954) Remembering—A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology. C.U.P. Google Scholar
Beck, A. (1976) Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders. N.Y.: Int. Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Blatt, S. J. & Ritzler, B. A. (1974) Thought disorder and boundary disturbance in psychosis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 370–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bruch, H. (1973) Eating Disorders—Obesity, Anorexia Nervosa and the Person Within. N.Y.: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Burnham, J. S. (1974) The medical origins and cultural use of Freud's instinctual drive theory. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 43, 193–217.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crisp, A. H. & Fransella, F. (1972) Conceptual changes during recovery from anorexia nervosa. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 45, 395–405.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edgcumbe, R. & Burgner, M. (1973) Some problems in the conceptualisation of early object relationships. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 27, 283–333.Google Scholar
Erdelyi, M. H. (1974) A new look at the new look: perceptual defence and vigilance. Psychological Review, 81, 1, 1–25.Google Scholar
Ezriel, H. (1950) A psychoanalytic approach to group treatment. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 23, 59–74.Google Scholar
Ezriel, H. (1952) Notes on psychoanalytic group therapy: interpretation and research. Psychiatry, 15, 119–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Farrell, (1964) The status of psychoanalytic theory. Inquiry, 7, 104–23.Google Scholar
Feldman, M. M. (1975) The body image and object relations: exploration of a method using repertory grid techniques. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 48, 317–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Freud, A. (1937) The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defence. Hogarth Press.Google Scholar
Grossman, W. I. & Simon, B. (1969) Anthropomorphism—motive, meaning and casuality in psychoanalytic theory. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 24, 78–111.Google Scholar
Hebb, D. O. (1949) The Organisation of Behaviour. N.Y.: Wiley.Google Scholar
Holzman, P. S. (1976) The future of psychoanalysis and its institutes. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 45, 2, 250–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Home, H. J. (1966) The concept of mind. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 47, 42–9.Google ScholarPubMed
Kafka, E. (1971) On the development of the experience of mental self, the bodily self, and self consciousness. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 26, 217–40.Google Scholar
Kelly, G. A. (1955) The Psychology of Personal Constructs. N.Y.: Norton.Google Scholar
Kernberg, O. F. (1974) Further contributions to the treatment of narcissistic personalities. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 55, 215–40.Google Scholar
Kennedy, H. (1971) Problems in reconstruction in child analysis. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 26, 386–402.Google Scholar
Khan, M. R. (1970) Towards an epistemology of cure. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 43, 363–6.Google Scholar
Klein, G. S. (1970) Perception, Motives and Personality. N.Y.: Knopf.Google Scholar
Kleinmitz, B. (Ed) (1967) Concepts and the Structure of Memory. N.Y.: Wiley.Google Scholar
Kohut, H. (1970) Moderator's remarks on a discussion of ‘the self’. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 51, 176–81.Google Scholar
Kohut, H. (1973) Thoughts on narcissism and narcissistic rage. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 27, 360–400.Google Scholar
Kreitler, H. & Kreitler, S. (1972) The model of cognitive orientation: towards a theory of human behaviour. British Journal of Psychology, 63, 9–30.Google Scholar
Kris, E. (1965) The recovery of childhood memories in psychoanalysis. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 11, 54–88.Google Scholar
Lazarus, A. A. (1970) Behaviour therapy. International Journal of Psychiatry, 9, 113.Google Scholar
Lazarus, A. A. (1971) Behaviour Therapy and Beyond. N.Y.: McGraw Hill.Google Scholar
Loevinger, J. (1976) Ego Development: Conception and Theories. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.Google Scholar
London, H. & Nisbett, R. E. (Eds) (1974) Cognitive Alteration of Feeling States. Chicago: Aldine.Google Scholar
Mahler, M. S., Pine, F. & Bergman, A. (1975) The Psychological Birth of the Human Infant. London: Hutchinson.Google Scholar
Miller, G. A., Galanter, E. & Pribram, K. H. (1960) Plans and the Structure of Behaviour. N.Y.: Holt.Google Scholar
Milner, M. (1955) The role of illusion in symbol formation. In: New Direction in Psychoanalysis. Ed Klein, M., Harman, P., Money-Kyrle., R. E. Tavistock.Google Scholar
Milner, M. (1969) The Hands of the Living God. London: Hogarth Press.Google Scholar
Nagel, E. (1959) Freud and philosophy: an essay in interpretation. In: Psychoanalysis, Scientific Method and Philosophy. Ed Hook, S. N.Y.: Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Neisser, U. (1967) Cognitive Psychology. N.Y.: Appleton-Century-Crofts.Google Scholar
Noy, P. (1969) A revision of the psychoanalytic theory of the primary process. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 50, 155–78.Google Scholar
Paivio, A. (1971) Imagery and Verbal Processes. N.Y.: Holt, Reinhart & Winston.Google Scholar
Peterfreund, E. & Schwartz, J. T. (1971) Information systems and psychoanalysis—an evolutionary biological approach to psychoanalytic theory. Psychological Issues, 7, Monograph 25–26.Google Scholar
Popper, K. R. (1963) Conjectures and Refutations: the Growth of Scientific Knowledge. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Raimy, V. (1975) Misunderstandings of the Self. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Rapaport, D. (1959) A historical survey of psychoanalytic ego psychology. Psychological Issues, 1, 1–5.Google Scholar
Ricoeur, P. (1970) Freud and Philosophy: An Essay on Interpretation (Tr. Savage, D.). Newhaven: Yale Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Rowe, D. (1970) Poor prognosis in a case of depression as predicted by the repertory grid. British Journal of Psychiatry, 119, 319–21.Google Scholar
Russell, G. M. (1977) The present status of anorexia nervosa. Psychological Medicine, 7, 363–7.Google Scholar
Rycroft, C. (1970) Causes and meaning. In: Freud and Psychology. (Eds Lee, S. G. M. and Hubert, M.). Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Ryle, A. (1975) Frames and Cages. London: Sussex Univ. Press, Chatto & Windus.Google Scholar
Ryle, A. & Lunghi, M. (1969) The measurement of relevant change after psychotherapy: use of repertory grid testing. British Journal of Psychiatry, 115, 1297–1304.Google Scholar
Ryle, A. & Breen, D. (1972) Some differences in the personal constructs of neurotic and normal subjects. British Journal of Psychiatry, 120, 483–9.Google Scholar
Ryle, A. & Lipshitz, S. (1975) Recording change in marital therapy with the reconstruction grid. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 48, 39–48.Google Scholar
Ryle, A. & Lipshitz, S. (1976) Repertory grid elucidation of a difficult conjoint therapy. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 49, 281–5.Google Scholar
Sandler, J. (1960) The background of safety. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 41, 352–6.Google Scholar
Sandler, J. (1974) Psychological conflict and the structural model: some clinical and theoretical implications. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 55, 53–62.Google Scholar
Sandler, J. & Rosenblatt, B. (1962) The concept of the representational world. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 17, 128.Google Scholar
Schachter, S. & Singer, J. F. (1962) Cognitive, social and physiological determinants of emotional states. Psychological Review, 69, 5, 379–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schafer, R. (1975) Psychoanalysis without psychodynamics. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 56, 41–55.Google Scholar
Schaffer, H. R. (1971) The Growth of Human Sociability. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Singer, G. L. (1974) Imagery and Day-Dream Methods in Psychotherapy and Behaviour Modification. N.Y.: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Slater, E. (1975) The psychiatrist in search of a science: the depth psychologies. British Journal of Psychiatry, 126, 205–24.Google Scholar
Sloane, R. B., Staples, F. R., Cristol, A. H., Yorkston, N. J. & Whipple, K. (1975) Psychotherapy versus Behaviour Therapy. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Stolorow, R. D. (1975) Towards a functional definition of narcissism. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 56, 179–85.Google Scholar
Whitaker, D. S. & Lieberman, M. A. (1964) Psychotherapy Through the Group Process. Chicago: Aldine.Google Scholar
Winnicott, D. W. (1971) Playing and Reality. London: Tavistock.Google Scholar
Witkin, H. A. (1965) Psychological differentiation and forms of pathology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 70, 317–36.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.