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Attainment and Adjustment in Two Geographical Areas

III—Some Factors Accounting for Area Differences

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

Michael Rutter ,
Bridget Yule ,
David Quinton ,
Olwen Rowlands ,
William Yule  and
Michael Berger
Michael Rutter
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology
Bridget Yule
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology
David Quinton
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology
Olwen Rowlands
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology
William Yule
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology
Michael Berger
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF
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Extract

Large differences have been found between the Isle of Wight (IOW) and a (former) inner London borough (ILB) with respect to the rates of emotional (neurotic) disorders, conduct disorders and specific reading retardation in ten-year-old boys and girls (Rutter et al., 1975; Berger et al., 1975). This paper presents preliminary considerations on possible reasons for these differences. Any explanation must account for the fact that the differences in the rates apply to three rather disparate disorders. The epidemiological characteristics and psychosocial correlates of emotional disorders in childhood differ quite markedly from those of conduct disorders, and it appears highly likely that the causes of the two disorders are different (Rutter, 1965, 1970a; Rutter, Tizard and Whitmore, 1970). Although specific reading retardation overlaps markedly with conduct disorders, to a considerable extent it seems to have a separate set of aetiological influences (Rutter and Yule, 1973). Furthermore, there is little association between specific reading retardation and emotional disorder in childhood. It is also notable that the higher rates of disorder in London compared with the Isle of Wight apply just as much to girls as to boys, in spite of the marked differences between the two sexes in the correlates of psychiatric disorder (Rutter, 1970b).

Type
Research Article
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 126 , Issue 6 , June 1975 , pp. 520 - 533
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1975 

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