Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-b95js Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-23T13:01:48.177Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, So-called

A Survey of the World Literature

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

A. M. P. Kellam
A. M. P. Kellam*
Affiliation:
Whitchurch Hospital and The University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XW, Wales
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Because of its rarity, the neuroleptic malignant syndrome has been studied in a survey of the world literature. Similar conditions which occurred before the advent of neuroleptics have also been included, as they may indicate that the drugs are not totally to blame. It is also apparent that with modern treatments, the condition is not usually lethal. The implications of this for theories of dopaminergic disturbances underlying the mental illnesses involved are considered. An overall picture of the syndrome, its treatment and outcome, is presented from over 200 published references. The spread of recognition of the condition throughout the world and especially across linguistic barriers has been followed.

Type
Review Article
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 150 , Issue 6 , June 1987 , pp. 752 - 759
Copyright
Copyright © 1987 The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aronson, M. J. & Thompson, S. V. (1950) Complications of acute catatonic excitement, a report of two cases. American Journal of Psychiatry, 107, 216–220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, L. V. (1849) On a form of disease resembling some advanced stages of mania and fever. American Journal of Insanity, 6, 97–127.Google Scholar
Bleichner, G., Squara, P. & Parent, A. (1981) Hypertonia and malignant hyperthermia due to morphine and neuroleptic. Lancet, 1, 386–387.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bourgeois, M., Tignol, J. & Henry, P. (1971) Syndromes matinset morts subites au cours des traitements par neuroleptiques simples et retard. (Sudden malignant and fatal syndromes in the course of treatment with simple and depot neuroleptics). Annates Medico-psychologiques, 129, 729–746.Google Scholar
Burke, R. E., Fahn, S., Mayeux, R., Weinberg, H., Louis, K. & Willner, J. H. (1981) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome caused by dopamine depleting drugs in a patient with Huntingdon's chorea. Neurology (NY), 31, 1022–1026.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calmiel, , (1832) In Dictionaire de Medicine ou Repetoire General des Sciences Medicates sousla rapport theorique et practique. Paris 1832–1846. (Cited extensively by Ladame C.H., vide infra, original work not yet traced.) Google Scholar
Caroff, S. N. (1980) The neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 41, 79–83.Google ScholarPubMed
Caroff, S. N. Rosenberg, H. & Gerber, J. C. (1983) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome and malignant hyperthermia. Lancet, i, 244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, B. M., Baldessarini, R. J., Pope, H. G. & Lipinski, J. F. (1985) Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine, 313, 1293.Google Scholar
Claude, H. & Cuel, J. (1927) Notes anatomo-clinoque sur trois cas de déire aigu. (Anatomo-clinical notes on 3 cases of fulminating psychosis.) Encéphale, 22, 628–632.Google Scholar
Committee on Safety of Medicines (1986) Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome – an underdiagnosed condition? Current Problems, 18, 2.Google Scholar
Delay, J. & Deniker, P. (1968) Drug induced extrapyramidal syndromes. In Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Vol. 6. Diseases of the Basal Ganglia, eds Winken, P. J. & Bruyn, G. W., New York, Elsevier North Holland Inc. Google Scholar
Pichot, P., Lemperiere, T., Ellisalde, B. & Peigne, F. (1960) Unneuroleptique majeur non phenothiazinique et non reserpinique, Phaloperidol, dans le traitement des psychoses. (A non phcnothiazine, and non reserpine major neuroleptic, haloperidol, in the treatment of psychoses.) Annates Midico-psychologiques, 118, 145–152.Google Scholar
Dumont, A., Minjat, M., Blanc, J. L. & Vignon, H. (1978) Le syndrome matin aux neuroleptqies (neuroleptic malignant syndrome). Annates Anaesthesie France, 19, 777–781.Google Scholar
Eiser, R., Neff, M. S. & Slifkin, R. F. (1982) Acute myoglobinuric renal failure, a consequence of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Archives of Internal Medicine, 142, 601–603.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Freeman, H. & Alpert, M. (1986) Prevalence of schizophrenia in an urban population. British Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 603–611.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fodere Traiti du diliret II. (1817) p. 407. (Cited by Claude, & Cuel, , vide infra original not yet traced.)Google Scholar
Fricchione, G. L., Cassem, N. H. & Hooberman, D. (1983) Intravenous lorazepam in neuroleptic induced catatonia. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 3, 338–342.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fujitake, J., Kuno, S. & Nishitani, H. (1984) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome-like state in eight patients with parkinsonism, Rinsho Shinkeig'aku (Clinical Neurology), 24. 371–378.Google Scholar
Gabris, G. & Muller, C. (1983) La catatonie dite pernicieuse. (The so called lethal catatonia). Enctphale, 9, 365–385.Google Scholar
Goekoop, J. G. & Carbaat, P. A. Th. (1982) Treatment of neuroleptic malignant syndrome with dantrolene. In Lancet, U, 49–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenberg, L. B. & Gujavarty, K. (1982) The neuroleptic malignant syndrome; review and report of three cases. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 26, 63–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaplan, I. H. & Sadock, B. J., (eds) Modern Synopsis of Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry IV. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.Google Scholar
Kaskey, G. B. & Nasr, S. (1979) A side effect of rapid neuro-leptisation. American Journal of Psychiatry, 136, 1232.Google Scholar
Kellam, A. M.P. (1970) A survey of stupor with special reference to the aetiology, incidence and differential diagnosis. M.D. Thesis. University of London.Google Scholar
Konikoff, F., Kuritzky, A., Jerushalmi, Y. & Theodor, E. (1984) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome induced by a single injection of haloperidol. British Medical Journal, 289, 1228–1229.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ladame, C. H. (1919) Psychose aigue idiopathique ou foudroyante. (Acute or fulminating idiopathic psychoses.) Schweizer Archive fur Neurologie und Psychiatrie, 5, 3–28.Google Scholar
Lemperiere, T. H. & Feline, A. D. (1977) Psychiatrie de I'Adulte. (Adult Psychiatry). Paris: Masson.Google Scholar
Levinson, D. F. & Simpson, G. M. (1986) Neurolcptic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms with fever. Archives of General Psychiatry, 43, 839–848.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mahendra, B. (1981) Where have all the catatonics gone? Psychological Medicine, 11, 669–671.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mann, S. C, Caroff, S. N., Bleier, H. R., Welz, W. K. R., Kling, M. A. & Hayashida, M. (1986) Lethal catatonia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 1374–1381.Google ScholarPubMed
Mayer-Gross, W., Slater, E. & Roth, M. (1960) in Clinical Psychiatry 2nd ed. London: Cassell.Google Scholar
Metzler, H. Y. (1973) Rigidity, hyperpyrexia and coma following fluphenazine oenanthate. Psychopharmacologia (Berlin), 29, 337–346.Google Scholar
Moyes, D. G. (1973) Malignant hyperpyrexia caused by trimeprazine. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 45, 1163–1164.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pope, H. G., Keck, P. E. & McElroy, S. L. (1986) Frequency and presentation of neuroleptic malignant syndrome in a large psychiatric hospital. American Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 1227–1233.Google Scholar
Ritchie, P. (1983) Letter. British Medical Journal, 287, 561.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sechi, G. P., Tanda, F. & Mutani, H. (1984) Fatal pyrexia after the withdrawal of levodopa. Neurology (Cleveland), 34, 249–251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shalev, A. & Munitz, H. (1986) The neuroleptic malignant syndrome: agent host interaction. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 73, 337–347.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shepherd, M. et al (1982) In Handbook of Psychiatry, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Shulak, N. R. (1946) Exhaustion syndrome in excited psychotic patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 102, 466–475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, G. (1981) The malignant neuroleptic syndrome (a review with report of three cases) Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 23, 179–183.Google ScholarPubMed
Smith, J. A. & Carter, J. H. (1984) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome with a positive weil-felix test. American Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 609.Google ScholarPubMed
Spring, G. & Frankel, M. (1981) New data on lithium and haloperidol incompatibility. American Journal of Psychiatry, 138, 818–821.Google ScholarPubMed
Stauder, K. H. (1934) Die todliche katatonie. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten, 102, 614–634.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sukanova, L. (1985) Maligni neurolepticky syndrom. (Neuroleptic malignant syndrome). Ceskoslovenska Psychiatrie, 81, 91–95.Google Scholar
Sumiyoshi, A., Oguchi, T., Takahashi, A. & Miura, S. (1983) Syndrome matin induced by tricyclic antidepressants. Hiroshima Journal of Anaesthesia, 19, 15–20.Google Scholar
Tolsma, F. J. (1967) The syndrome of acute pernicious psychosis. Psychiatria, Neurologia, Neurochirgia, 70, 1–21.Google ScholarPubMed
Toru, M., Matsuda, O., Makiguchi, K. & Sugano, K. (1981) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome-like state following a withdrawal of anti-par kinsonian drugs. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 169, 324–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Town, I. G. (1982) Haloperidol, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. New Zealand Medical Journal, 2667, 199.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.