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Genetics of Fear and Anxiety Disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

I. M. Marks
I. M. Marks*
Affiliation:
Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF; Bethlem and Maudsley Hospitals
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Extract

From protozoa to mammals, organisms have been selectively bred for genetic differences in defensive behaviour which are accompanied by differences in brain and other biological functions. Studies of twins indicate some genetic control of normal human fear from infancy onwards, of anxiety as a symptom and as a syndrome, and of phobic and obsessive- compulsive phenomena. Anxiety disorders are more common among the relatives of affected probands than of controls, especially among female and first-degree relatives; alcoholism and secondary depression may also be over-represented. Familial influences have been found for panic disorder, agoraphobia, and obsessive-compulsive problems. Panic disorder in depressed probands increases the risk to their relatives of phobia as well as of panic disorder, major depression, and alcoholism. The strongest family history of all anxiety disorders is seen in blood-injury phobia; even though it can be successfully treated by exposure, its roots may lie in a genetically determined specific autonomic susceptibility. Some genetic effects can be modified by environmental means.

Type
Review Article
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 149 , Issue 4 , October 1986 , pp. 406 - 418
Copyright
Copyright © 1986 The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

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