Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T16:52:27.721Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Delineating Social Phobia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

L. Solyom ,
B. Ledwidge  and
C. Solyom
L. Solyom*
Affiliation:
University of British Columbia, Shaughnessy Hospital, 4500 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H3N1, Canada
B. Ledwidge
Affiliation:
Riverview Hospital, 500 Lougheed Highway, Port Coquitlam, BC, V3C1J0, Canada
C. Solyom
Affiliation:
University of British Columbia, Shaughnessy Hospital, 4500 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H3N1, Canada
*
Correspondence
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The natural history-including psychiatric symptoms, precipitating factors, onset and course of illness, and personality characteristics-of 47 social phobics, 80 agoraphobics, and 72 simple phobics was examined. The social phobia group differed from the agoraphobia group by having a lower mean age, fewer females and married members, and a higher educational and occupational status. They were less fearful generally, less obsessive, and less likely to follow a fluctuating or phasic course. There was overlap between the two groups with regard to main phobias, and they were similar with regard to adjacent symptomatology. Both the social and agoraphobia groups differed in similar and significant ways from simple phobics.

Type
Papers
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 149 , Issue 4 , October 1986 , pp. 464 - 470
Copyright
Copyright © 1986 The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

American Psychiatric Association (1980) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed.) (DSM-III). Washington DC: APA.Google Scholar
Amies, P., Gelder, M. & Shaw, P. (1983) Social phobia: a comparative clinical study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 174–179.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arrindell, W. A. (1980) Dimensional structure and psychopathology correlates of the Fear Survey Schedule (FSS-III) in a phobic population: a factorial definition of agoraphobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 18, 229–242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowlby, J. (1969) Attachment and loss. London: Institute of Psychoanalysis and Hogarth Press.Google Scholar
Cattell, R. B. & Sheier, I. H. (1963) Handbook for PAT Anxiety Scale Questionnaire. Champaign, Illinois: Institute for Personality and Ability Testing.Google Scholar
Commission on Proffessional and Hospital Activities (1978) International Classification of Diseases (9 th revision). Clinical Modification. Ann Arbor: Edwards Brothers.Google Scholar
Cooper, J. E. (1970) The Leyton Obsessional Inventory. Psychological Medicine, 1, 48–64.Google Scholar
Eysenck, H. J. (1958) A short questionnaire for the measurement of two dimensions of personality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 42, 14–17.Google Scholar
Eysenck, H. J. & Eysenck, S. B. J. (1964) Manual of the Eysenck Personality Inventory. London: University of London Press.Google Scholar
Freedman, D. (1965) Hereditary control of early social behaviour. In Determinants of infant behaviour III (ed. Foss, B. M.). Toronto: Methuen.Google Scholar
Gelder, M. & Marks, I. M. (1966) Severe agoraphobia: a controlled prospective trial of behaviour therapy. British Journal of Psychiatry, 122, 309–320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gelder, M., & Wolff, H. (1967) Desensitisation and psychotherapy in the treatment of phobic states: a controlled inquiry. British Journal of Psychiatry, 112, 53–73.Google Scholar
Hallam, R. S. & Hafner, R. J. (1978) Fears of phobic patients: factor analyses of self-report data. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 16, 1–6.Google Scholar
Ingram, I. M. (1961) Obsessional illness in mental hospital patients. Journal of Mental Science, 197, 382–402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jersild, A. T. & Holmes, F. B. (1935) Children's fears. Child Development. Monograph no. 20.Google Scholar
Kelly, D. H. W., (1966) Measurement of anxiety by forearm blood flow. British Journal of Psychiatry, 122, 789–798.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klein, D. F. (1981) Anxiety reconceptualized. In Anxiety: New Research and Changing Concepts (eds D. F.Klein & J. F. Rabkin). New York: Raven Press.Google Scholar
Lader, M. H. (1966) Predictive value of autonomic measure in patients with phobic states. Doctoral dissertation. University of London.Google Scholar
Lader, M. H. & Wing, L. (1967) Psychological measures, sedative drugs and morbid anxiety. In Maudsley Monograph No. 14. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Marks, I. M. (1967) Components and correlates of psychiatric questionnaires. Observations on the Cornell Medical Index, Eysenck Personality Inventory and Tavistock Self-Assessment Inventory in phobic patients. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 40, 261–272.Google Scholar
Marks, I. M. (1969) Fears and Phobias. London: Heinemann.Google Scholar
Marks, I. M. & Gelder, M. G. (1966) Different onset ages in varieties of phobia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 123, 218–221.Google Scholar
Martin, I. M., Marks, I. M. A Gelder, M. G. (1969) Conditioned eyelid responses in phobic patients. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 7, 115–124.Google Scholar
Mowrer, O. H. (1947) On the dual nature of learning-a re-interpretation of “conditioning and problem-solving”. Harvard Educational Review, 17, 102–148.Google Scholar
Parker, G. (1979) Reported parental characteristics of agoraphobics and social phobics. British Journal of Psychiatry, 135, 555–560.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schaefer, H. R. (1966) The onset of fear of strangers and the incongruity hypothesis. Eheld Psychological Psychiatry, 7, 75–106.Google Scholar
Seligman, M. (1971) Phobias and preparedness. Behaviour Therapy. 2, 307–320.Google Scholar
Seligman, M. & Hager, J. (1972) Biological boundaries of learning. Englewood Cliff, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Snaith, R. (1968) A clinical investigation of phobias. British Journal of Psychiatry, 114, 673–698.Google Scholar
Solyom, L., Beck, P. Solyom, C. & Hügel, R. (1974) Some etiological factors in phobic neurosis. Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal, 19, 69–78.Google Scholar
Solyom, L., Beck, P. Solyom, C., Heseltine, G. F. D., McClure, D. J., Ledwidge, B. & Kenny, F. (1971) A comparative study of aversion relief and systematic desensitization in the treatment of phobias. British Journal of Psychiatry, 119, 299–303.Google Scholar
Solyom, L., Beck, P. Solyom, C., Heseltine, G. F. D., McClure, D. J., Ledwidge, B., McClure, D. J., Heseltine, G., Ledwidge, B. A Solyom, C. (1972) Variables in the aversion relief therapy of phobias. Behaviour Therapy, 3, 21–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solyom, L., Beck, P. Solyom, C., Heseltine, G. F. D., McClure, D. J., Ledwidge, B., Siberfeld, M. A Solyom, C. (1976) Maternal over-protection in the etiology of agoraphobia. Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal, 21, 109–113.Google Scholar
Wine, R. L. (1964) Statistics for Scientists and Engineers. Englewood Cliff, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Wolfe, J. A. Lang, P. J. (1964) A fear survey for use in behaviour therapy. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2, 27–30.Google Scholar

References

Campbell, W., Shepherd, H. & Falconer, F. (1982) The use of seclusion. Nursing Times, 78, 1821–1825.Google Scholar
Confederation of Health Service Employees (1977) The Management of Violent or Potentially Violent Patients. Banstead, Surrey: COHSE.Google Scholar
Department of Health and Social Security (1976) Health Services Management: The Management of Violent, or Potentially Violent Hospital Patients. (HC(76)11). London: DHSS.Google Scholar
Fottrell, E. (1980) A study of violent behaviour among patienta in psychiatrie hospitals. British Journal of Psychiatry, 36, 216–221.Google Scholar
Jones, R. (1982) Security: contending with violence on the wards. Nursing Mirror, Psychiatry I Mental Handicap Forum 6, 78, i–v.Google Scholar
Mattson, M. R. & Sacks, M. H.(1978) Seclusion: uses and complications. American Journal of Psychiatry, 135, 1210–1213.Google ScholarPubMed
Phillips, P. & Nasr, S. J. (1983) Seclusion and restraint and prediction of violence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 229–232.Google ScholarPubMed
Royal College of Nnursing Society of Psychiatric Nursing (1979) Seclusion and Bestrahlt in Hospitals and Units for the Mentally Disordered. London: Royal College of Nursing.Google Scholar
Royal College of Psychiatrists (1980) Secure Facilities for Psychiatric Patients: A Comprehensive Policy. London: Royal College of Psychiatrists.Google Scholar
Royal College of Psychiatrists (1982) Locking up patients by themselves. Bulletin of the Boall College of Psychiatrists, 6, 199–200.Google Scholar
Soloff, P. H. (1983) Seclusion and restraint. In Assaults within Psychiatric Facilities (eds J. R. Lion & W. H. Reid). New York: Grune A Stratton.Google Scholar
Walk, A. (1970) Lincoln and non-restraint. British Journal of Psychiatry, 117, 481–496.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wells, D. A. (1972) The use of seclusion on a university hospital psychiatric floor. Archives of General Psychiatry, 26, 410–413.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilkinson, G. (1983) The use of seclusion in a DHSS youth treatment centre. Bulletin of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, 7, 104–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.