Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T17:16:22.005Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Brain Stem in Psychosis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

M. Fisman*
Affiliation:
South African Institute for Medical Research, Johannesburg, South Africa and Department of Psychiatry, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6

Summary

The brain stems of 24 mental hospital patients and 10 control patients were examined. Ten mental hospital patients were either deluded or auditorily hallucinated in clear consciousness, and of this group 8 presented with a diagnosis of schizophrenic syndrome. The nature and significance of lesions found in the midline reticular nuclei and the trigeminal n. are discussed. The results, and the dearth of other published material on this subject, indicate the need for further work in this field.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1975 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Appelbaum, E., Kreps, S. I. & Sunshine, A. (1962) Herpes zoster encephalitis. American Journal of Medicine, 32, 2531.Google Scholar
Bethlem, J. (1962) Herpetic geniculate ganglionitis. Acta Neuropathologica, 2, 97101.Google Scholar
Bradley, P. B. (1972) The action of drugs on single neurons in the brain. In Progress in Brain Research, Volume 36 (ed. Bradley, and Brimblecombe, ).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brodal, A. (1969) Neurological Anatomy. Oxford.Google Scholar
Cleobury, J. F., Skinner, G. R. B., Thouless, M. E. & Wildy, P. (1971) Association between psychopathic disorder and serum antibody to herpes simplex virus (type 1). British Medical Journal, i, 438–9.Google Scholar
David, G. B. (1957) The pathological anatomy of the schizophrenics. In Schizophrenia: Somatic Aspects (ed. Richter, ). London.Google Scholar
Feinberg, I. (1969) Recent sleep research: findings in schizophrenia and some possible implications for the mechanism of action of chlorpromazine and for the neurophysiology of delirium. In Schizophrenia— Current Concepts and Research (ed. Sankar, ). New York.Google Scholar
Fish, F. (1961) A neurophysiological theory of schizophrenia. Journal of Mental Science, 107, 828–38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fisman, M. (1974) Brain stem encephalitic lesions associated with schizophrenia.Google Scholar
Fraser, K. B. (1972) Systems of virus survival. In Host-Virus Reactions with Special Reference to Persistent Agents (ed. Dicks, ). London.Google Scholar
Kales, A. & Kales, J. D. (1974) Sleep disorders. New England Journal of Medicine, 290, 487–99.Google Scholar
Kleist, K. (1960) Schizophrenic symptoms and cerebral pathology. Journal of Mental Science, 106, 246–55.Google Scholar
Krumholz, S. & Luhan, J. A. (1945) Encephalitis associated with herpes zoster. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 53, 5967.Google Scholar
Leader, (1971) Herpes virus and psychiatric disorders. British Medical Journal, i, 418.Google Scholar
Lycke, E., Norby, R. & Roos, B. (1974) A serological study on mentally ill patients with particular reference to the prevalence of herpes virus infections. British Journal of Psychiatry, 124, 273–6.Google Scholar
Meyer, A. (1971) Psychoses of obscure pathology. In Greenfield's Neuropathology (ed. Blackwood, W.). London.Google Scholar
McGhie, A. (1972) Attention and perception in schizophrenia. In Annual Review of the Schizophrenic Syndrome, Volume 2 (ed. Cancro, ). New York.Google Scholar
Neumann, M. A. (1968) Pathology of the reticular formation. In Pathology of the Nervous System. Volume 1 (ed. Minckler, ). New York.Google Scholar
Nieberg, K. C. & Blumberg, J. M. (1972) Viral encephalitides. In Pathology of the Nervous System, Volume III (ed. Minckler, ). New York.Google Scholar
Olszewski, J. & Baxter, D. (1954) Cyroarchitecture of the Human Brain Stem. Basel.Google Scholar
Scheibel, M. E. & Scheibel, A. B. (1962) Hallucinations and the brain stem reticular core. In Hallucinations (ed. West, ). New York.Google Scholar
Shearer, M. L. & Finch, S. M. (1964) Periodic organic psychosis associated with recurrent herpes simplex. New England Journal of Medicine, 271, 494–7.Google Scholar
Sours, J. (1963) Narcolepsy and other disturbances in sleep-waking rhythm: a study of 115 cases with review of the literature. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 137, 525–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stern, (1972) Cytomegalo virus: a cause of persistent latent infection. In Host-Virus Reactions with Special Reference to Persistent Agents (ed. Dick, ). London.Google Scholar
Weinberger, N. M. (1971) Attentive processes. In Psychobiology (ed. McGaugh, ). New York.Google Scholar
West, L. J. (1962) A general theory of hallucinations and dreams. In Hallucinations (ed. West, ). New York.Google Scholar
West, L. J. (1968) Hallucinations. In Modern Perspectives in World Psychiatry, Volume 2. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.