Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T05:36:55.779Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Birth Order and Schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

K. L. Granville-Grossman*
Affiliation:
Queen Elizabeth II Hospital, Welwyn Garden City, Herts

Extract

Characteristics which are wholly genetically determined are distributed at random among all the members of a sibship. Dependence of the distribution on birth rank (i.e. maternal parity at the birth of the subjects) or on position within the sibship provides presumptive evidence of non-genetic causes and may give some indication of their nature (McKeown and Record, 1956). Investigations on the birth order of schizophrenics (Tables VI and VII) have to date given no clear and consistent results, and further study appears to be indicated.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1966 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Böök, J. A. (1953). “A genetic and neuro-psychiatric investigation of a North Swedish population.” Acta genet. statist. med., 4, 1100.Google Scholar
Brown, G. W. (1959). “Experiences of discharged chronic schizophrenic patients in various types of living group.” Millbank Mem. Fund Quart., 37, 105131.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, G. W., Monck, E., Carstairs, G. M., and Wing, J. K. (1962). “The influence of family life on the course of schizophrenic illness.” Brit. J. prev. soc. Med., 16, 5568.Google Scholar
Burton, A., and Bird, J. W. (1963). “Family constellation and schizophrenia.” J. Psychol., 55, 329336.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Farina, A., Barry, H., and Garmezy, N. (1963). “Birth order of recovered and non-recovered schizophrenics.” Arch. gen. Psychiat., 9, 224228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodman, N. (1957). “Relation between maternal age at parturition and incidence of mental disorder in the offspring.” Brit. J. prev. soc. Med., 11, 203213.Google ScholarPubMed
Granville-Grossman, K. L. (1966a). “Parental age and schizophrenia.” Brit. J. Psychiat., 112, 899905.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Granville-Grossman, K. L. (1966b). “Early bereavement and schizophrenia.” Ibid., 112, 10271034.Google ScholarPubMed
Greenwood, M., and Yule, G. U. (1914). “On the determination of size of family and of the distribution of characters in order of birth.” J. Roy. Statist. Soc., 77, 179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregory, I. (1958). “An analysis of familial data on psychiatric patients: parental age, family size, birth order and ordinal position.” Brit. J. prev. soc. Med., Gregory, I. 12, 4259.Google ScholarPubMed
(1959). “An analysis of family data on 1,000 patients admitted to a Canadian mental hospital.” Acta genet. (Basel), 9, 5496.Google Scholar
Grosz, H. J., and Miller, I. (1958). “Sibling patterns in schizophrenia.” Science, 128, 30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hallgren, B., and Sjögren, T. (1959). “A clinical and genetico-statistical study of schizophrenia and low grade mental deficiency in a large Swedish rural population.” Acta psychiat. neurol. Scand., 35, Suppl. 140.Google Scholar
Hampson, J. L. (1963). “Determinants of psychosexual orientation (gender role) in humans.” Canad. Psychiat. Ass. J., 8, 2434.Google ScholarPubMed
Johanson, E. (1958). “A study of schizophrenia in the male. A psychiatric and social study based on 138 cases with follow-up.” Acta psychiat. neurol. Scand., 33, Suppl. 125.Google Scholar
Kay, D. W. K., and Roth, M. (1961). “Environmental and hereditary factors in the schizophrenia of old age (‘late paraphrenias’) and their bearing on the general problem of causation in schizophrenia.” J. ment. Sci., 107, 649686.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kraepelin, E. (1919). Dementia Praecox and Paraphrenia Transl. Barclay, M. Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Malzberg, B. (1940). Social and Biological Aspects of Mental Disease. Utica, N.Y. Google Scholar
McKeown, T., and Record, R. G. (1956). “Maternal age and birth order as indices of environmental influence.” Amer. J. hum. Genetics, 8, 823.Google ScholarPubMed
Patterson, R. M., and Zeigler, T. W. (1941). “Ordinal position and schizophrenia.” Amer. J. Psychiat., 98, 455458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plank, R. (1953). “The family constellation in a group of schizophrenic patients.” Amer. J. Orthopsychiat., 23, 817825.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollock, H. M., Malzberg, B., and Fuller, R. G. (1939). Hereditary and Environmental Factors in the Causation of Manic-depressive Psychosis and Dementia Praecox. Utica, N.Y. Google Scholar
Rao, S. (1964). “Birth order and schizophrenia.” J. nerv. ment. Dis., 138, 8789.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosenthal, D. (1962). “Familial concordance by sex with respect to schizophrenia.” Psychol. Bull., 59, 401421.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schooler, C. (1961). “Birth order and schizophrenia.” Arch. gen. Psychiat., 4, 91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sears, R. R., Maccoby, E. E., and Levin, H. (1957). Patterns of Child Rearing. Evanston, Ill. Google Scholar
Slater, E. (1962). “Birth order and maternal age of homosexuals.” Lancet, 1, 6971.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, C. M., and McIntyre, S. (1963). “Family size, birth rank and ordinal position in psychiatric illness.” Canad. psychiat. Ass. J., 8, 244248.Google ScholarPubMed
Tienari, P. (1963). “Psychiatric illnesses in identical twins.” Acta psychiat. Scand., 39, Suppl. 171.Google ScholarPubMed
Wahl, C. W. (1954). “Some antecedent factors in the family histories of 392 schizophrenics.” Amer. J. Psychiat., 110, 668.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wahl, C. W. (1956). “Some antecedent factors in the family histories of 568 male schizophrenics of the U.S. Navy.” Ibid., 113, 201210.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.