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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 May 2016
X-rays from young stellar objects can influence the physical properties of their surroundings. A particularly interesting example is the ionization of the accretion disk by hard X-rays at distances of the order of 1 AU or more. We show that X-rays induce a layered ionization structure in which the outer layer is sufficiently ionized to permit the Balbus-Hawley instability to operate and to allow accretion.