Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T15:17:08.389Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

What is the connection between ellipticals and bulges?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 August 2017

Marijn Franx
Marijn Franx*
Affiliation:
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The structure of bulges and ellipticals, and their relation to galaxy halos are reviewed. Since many ellipticals contain faint disks, the qualitative distinction between bulges and ellipticals is more accurately described as a quantitative variation in Bulge/Disk ratio. The exception may be the brightest ellipticals, which are usually Bright (est) Cluster Members. The available evidence suggests that the spheroid properties are determined by more than halo properties alone. This is clearest for systems with low B/D ratio, where bulge velocity dispersions are similar to disk velocity dispersions. Constraints on the stellar formation scenarios are discussed.

Keywords

elliptical galaxiesbulgesdark halosformationstellar populations
Type
Invited Reviews
Information
Symposium - International Astronomical Union , Volume 153: Galactic Bulges , 1993 , pp. 243 - 262
Copyright
Copyright © Kluwer 1993 

References

Arimoto, N., & Yoshii, Y. 1987, AA, 173, 23.Google Scholar
Athanassoula, E., 1983, IAU Symposium 100 “Internal Kinematics and Dynamics of Galaxies” (Dordrecht: Reidel).Google Scholar
Barnes, J., & White, S. D. M., 1984, MNRAS, 211, 253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, J., & Efstathiou, G., 1987, ApJ, 319, 575.Google Scholar
Barbuy, B., & Renzini, A., IAU symposium 149 “The Stellar Populations of Galaxies”, (Dordrecht: Kluwer).Google Scholar
Bender, R., 1988a, AA, 193, L7.Google Scholar
Bender, R., 1988b, AA, 202, L5.Google Scholar
Bender, R., Burstein, D., & Faber, S. M., 1992, ApJ, 399, 462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bender, R., Döbereiner, S., & Möllenhof, C., 1988, AASup, 74, 385.Google Scholar
Bender, R., & Nieto, J. L., 1990, AA, 239, 97.Google Scholar
Bertola, F., Burstein, D., & Buson, L., 1993, ApJ, 403, 573.Google Scholar
van den Bergh, S., 1990, ApJ, 348, 57.Google Scholar
Binggeli, B., Sandage, A., & Tammann, G. A., 1988, ARAA, 26, 509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Binney, J. J., & Manon, G. A., 1982, MNRAS, 200, 361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blumenthal, G. R., Faber, S. M., Primack, J. R., & Rees, M. J., 1984, Nature, 311, 517.Google Scholar
Bottema, R., van der Kruit, B. & Valentijn, E., 1991, AA, 247, 357.Google Scholar
Bower, R. G., Lucey, J. R., & Ellis, R. S., 1992, MNRAS, 254, 601.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broeils, A. H., 1992, , .Google Scholar
Butcher, H., & Oemler, A., 1984, ApJ, 285, 426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, D., 1978, MNRAS, 182, 797.Google Scholar
Carter, D., 1987, ApJ, 312, 514.Google Scholar
Capaccioli, M., 1987, in IAU symposium 127, “Structure and Dynamics of Elliptical Galaxies”, ed. de Zeeuw, T. (Dordrecht: Reidel), p47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Capaccioli, M., Caon, N., & D'Onofrio, M. 1992, MNRAS, 259, 323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casertano, S., & van Gorkom, J. H., 1991, AJ, 101, 1231.Google Scholar
Chambers, K. C., Miley, G. K., & van Breugel, W. J. M., 1990, ApJ, 363, 21.Google Scholar
de Zeeuw, P. T., 1987, IAU symposium 127, “Structure and Dynamics of Elliptical Galaxies”, (Dordrecht: Reidel).Google Scholar
de Zeeuw, P. T., 1992, in “Morphological and Physical Classification of Galaxies”, ed. Busarello, et al (Dordrecht: Kluwer).Google Scholar
de Zeeuw, P. T., & Franx, M, 1991, ARAA, 29, 239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, R. L., Efstathiou, G., Fall, S. M., Illingworth, G. D., & Schechter, P. L., 1983, ApJ, 266, 41.Google Scholar
Dressler, A., 1980, ApJ, 236, 351.Google Scholar
Dressler, A., 1984, ApJ, 286, 97.Google Scholar
Dressler, A., 1987, ApJ, 317, 1.Google Scholar
Dressler, A., & Sandage, A. 1983, ApJ, 265, 664.Google Scholar
Efstathiou, G., Ellis, R. S., & Carter, D., 1982, MNRAS, 201, 975.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faber, S. M., 1982, in “Astrophysical Cosmology”, ed. Brück, H.A. et al (Vatican: Pontificia Academia Scientiarum), p219.Google Scholar
Faber, S. M., Dressler, A., Davies, R. L., Burstein, D., Lynden-Bell, D., Terlevich, R. J., & Wegner, G., 1987, in “Nearly Normal Galaxies”, ed. Faber, S. M. (New York: Springer), p. 175 Google Scholar
Forman, W., Jones, C., & Tucker, W., 1985, ApJ, 293, 102.Google Scholar
Fisher, D., Illingworth, G. D., & Franx, M., 1993, in preparation.Google Scholar
Franx, M., & Illingworth, G. D., 1988, ApJ (Letters), 327, 55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franx, M., Illingworth, G. D., & Heckman, T., 1989, ApJ, 344, 613.Google Scholar
Franx, M., Illingworth, G. D., & de Zeeuw, P. T., 1991, ApJ, 383, 112.Google Scholar
Hernquist, L., & Quinn, P. J., 1987, ApJ, 312, 1.Google Scholar
Hubble, E., 1936, “Realm of Nebulae” (New Haven: Yale University Press).Google Scholar
Illingworth, G. D., 1983, in IAU Symposium 100, “Internal Kinematics and Dynamics of Galaxies”, ed. Athanassoula, E. (Dordrecht: Reidel), p257.Google Scholar
Jedrzejewski, R., & Schechter, P. L., 1988, ApJ (Letters), 330, 87.Google Scholar
Katz, N., 1992, PASP, 104, 852.Google Scholar
Katz, N., Hernquist, L., & Weinberg, D. H., 1992, ApJ (Letters), 399, 109.Google Scholar
Kent, S. M., 1981, ApJ, 245, 805.Google Scholar
Kent, S. M., 1984, ApJSup., 56, 105.Google Scholar
Kent, S. M., 1986, AJ, 91, 1301.Google Scholar
Kent, S. M., 1988, AJ, 96, 514.Google Scholar
Kent, S. M., 1990, in ASP conf ser. 10, “Evolution of the Universe of Galaxies”, ed. Kron, R. G. (Provo: Brigham Young Univ.), p109.Google Scholar
Kormendy, J., & Illingworth, G. D., 1982, ApJ, 256, 460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kormendy, J., 1988, ApJ, 335, 40.Google Scholar
Kormendy, J., 1982, in “Morphology and Dynamics of Galaxies”, ed. Martinet, L. & Mayor, M. (Sauverny: Geneva Obs.), p113.Google Scholar
Larson, R. B., Tinsley, B. M., & Caldwell, C. N., 1980, ApJ, 237, 692.Google Scholar
Merritt, D. 1988, in ASP conf. ser. 5, “The Minnesota Lectures on Clusters of Galaxies and Large Scale Structure”, ed. Dickey, J. M. (Provo: Brigham Young Univ.), 175.Google Scholar
Peletier, R. F. P., 1989, , .Google Scholar
Pierce, M.J., & Tully, R.B., 1988, ApJ, 330, 579.Google Scholar
Pickles, A. J., 1985, ApJ, 296, 340.Google Scholar
Rich, R. M., 1988, AJ, 95, 828.Google Scholar
Rix, H. W., Franx, M., Fisher, D., & Illingworth, G., 1992, ApJ (Letters), 400, 5.Google Scholar
Rix, H. W., & White, S. D. M., 1990, ApJ, 362, 52.Google Scholar
Rubin, V. C., Graham, J. A., & Kenney, J. D. P., 1992, ApJ (Letters), 394, 9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandage, A., & Visnavathan, N., 1978, ApJ, 225, 742.Google Scholar
Saglia, R. P., Bertin, G., Bertola, F., Danziger, J., Dejonghe, H., Sadler, E. M., Stiavelli, M., de Zeeuw, P. T., & Zeilinger, W. W., 1993, ApJ, 403, 573.Google Scholar
Schechter, P. L., & Dressler, A., 1987, AJ, 94, 563.Google Scholar
Schweizer, F., & Seitzer, P. 1992, AJ, 104, 1039.Google Scholar
Trinchieri, G., Fabbiano, G., & Canizares, C. R., 1986, ApJ, 310, 637.Google Scholar
van der Marel, R. P. 1992, MNRAS, 253, 710.Google Scholar
Whitmore, B. C., Kirshner, R. P., & Schechter, P. L., 1979, ApJ, 234, 68.Google Scholar
Whitmore, B. C. & Kirshner, R. P., 1981, ApJ, 250, 43.Google Scholar
Willick, J.A., 1990, ApJ (Letters), 351, L5.Google Scholar
Worthey, G., Faber, S. M., & Gonzales, J. J., 1992, ApJ, 398, 69.Google Scholar
Zurek, W. H., Quinn, P. J., & Salmon, J. K., 1988, ApJ, 330, 519.CrossRefGoogle Scholar