Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-12T19:54:27.487Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Warping and thickness of galactic gas layers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 August 2015

Hugo van Woerden*
Affiliation:
Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The evidence for warps in the gas layers of galaxies is reviewed. Both the 21-cm line intensity distribution on the sky in edge-on systems and the hydrogen velocity fields in other systems indicate that warped gas layers are common, more common than close companions. Hence, warps probably persist for several times 109 years.

The thickness of the gas layer in NGC 891 appears to increase outward, similarly to that in our Galaxy.

Type
IX. THE GALACTIC WARP
Copyright
Copyright © Reidel 1979 

References

Arp, H.C.: 1964, Astrophys. J. 62, 1045.Google Scholar
Bosma, A.: 1978, “The distribution and kinematics of neutral hydrogen in spiral galaxies of various morphological types”, , .Google Scholar
Burke, B.F.: 1957, Astron. J. 62, 90.Google Scholar
Combes, F.: 1978, Astron. Astrophys. 65, 47.Google Scholar
Davies, R.D.: 1972, Mon. Not. Roy. Astr. Soc. 160, 381.Google Scholar
Gordon, K.J.: 1971, Astrophys. J. 169, 235.Google Scholar
Guélin, M., Sancisi, R., Weliachew, L., Van Woerden, H.: 1975, in:“La Dynamique des Galaxies Spirales” (ed. Weliachew, L.), CNRS Colloq. no. 241, p. 291.Google Scholar
Habing, H.J.: 1966, Bull. Astr. Inst. Netherlands 18, 323.Google Scholar
Hunter, C.S., Toomre, A.: 1969, Astrophys. J. 155, 747.Google Scholar
Jackson, P.D., Kellmann, S.A.: 1974, Astrophys. J. 190, 53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahn, F.D., Woltjer, L.: 1959, Astrophys. J. 130, 705.Google Scholar
Kepner, M.: 1970, Astron. Astrophys. 5, 444.Google Scholar
Kerr, F.J.: 1957, Astron. J. 62, 90.Google Scholar
Kerr, F.J.: 1969, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 7, 39.Google Scholar
Kerr, F.J., Hindman, J.V., Gum, C.S.: 1959, Austral. J. Phys. 12, 270.Google Scholar
Van der Kruit, P.C.: 1978, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl., in preparation.Google Scholar
Lozinskaya, T.A., Kardashev, N.S.: 1963, Astron. Zh. 40, 209 (Soviet Astr. - AJ 7, 161).Google Scholar
Lynden-Bell, D.: 1965, Mon. Not. Roy. Astr. Soc. 129, 299.Google Scholar
Muller, C.A., Westerhout, G.: 1957, Bull. Astr. Inst. Netherl. 13, 151.Google Scholar
Oort, J.H., Kerr, F.J., Westerhout, G.: 1958, Mon. Not. Roy. Astr. Soc. 118, 379.Google Scholar
Oort, J.H.: 1959, I.A.U. Symp. 9, 416.Google Scholar
Rogstad, D.H., Lockhart, I.A., Wright, M.C.H.: 1974, Astrophys. J. 194, 309.Google Scholar
Rogstad, D.H., Wright, M.C.H., Lockhart, I.A.: 1976, Astrophys. J. 204, 703.Google Scholar
Rougoor, G.W., Oort, J.H.: 1960, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 46, 1.Google Scholar
Sancisi, R.: 1976, Astron. Astrophys. 53, 159.Google Scholar
Sancisi, R.: 1977, in “Topics in Interstellar Matter” (ed. van Woerden, H.), Reidel, Dordrecht, p. 255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sancisi, R., Allen, R.J., Van Albada, T.S.: 1975, in “La Dynamique des Galaxies Spirales” (ed. Weliachew, L.), CNRS Colloq. no. 241, p. 295.Google Scholar
Sancisi, R., Allen, R.J.: 1978, Astron. Astrophys., in press.Google Scholar
Schmidt, M.: 1957, Bull. Astr. Inst. Netherl. 13, 247.Google Scholar
Tubbs, A.D., Sanders, R.H.: 1978, Astrophys. J., in press, and paper at this Symposium.Google Scholar
Verschuur, G.L.: 1973, Astron. Astrophys. 22, 139 and 27, 407.Google Scholar
Weliachew, L., Sancisi, R., Guélin, M.: 1978, Astron. Astrophys. 65, 37.Google Scholar
Westerhout, G.: 1957, Bull. Astr. Inst. Netherl. 13, 247.Google Scholar
Van Woerden, H.: 1967, I.A.U. Symp. 31, 138.Google Scholar
Wright, M.C.H., Warner, P.J., Baldwin, J.E.: 1972, Mon. Not. Roy. Astr. Soc. 155, 337.Google Scholar