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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 August 2017
The azimuth of a meridian circle may be determined using stars within 1°–2° of the pole combining observations in upper and lower culmination of stars which have well known right ascensions. The right ascensions are determined photographically using only declinations in the reduction, thus making the azimuth determination independent of the right ascension system. The declinations of the pole near stars are determined with the meridian circle.