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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 14 August 2015
To place a star on the HR diagram by means of spectroscopic data alone-i.e., without knowledge of the parallax-one must separate the spectroscopic effects of temperature and luminosity as cleanly as possible. Here we discuss the use of the red and near-infrared bands of TiO, VO, CN, and CaH as classification criteria for M stars. Our eight-color system of filter photometry (Wing 1971; White 1971a) has provided data on the first three molecules.