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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 July 2016
The dark spots on the solar disk, some of them are visible with the naked eye, and the aurorae, especially those strectching down to the tropics, are the best visible manifestations of the solar activity. Since more than one century, we know that this activity follows a regular periodic cycle of 11-years (Heinrich Schwabe 1844), but with an intensity, which is sufficiently variable, to speak of “small” and “large” solar cycles.