Published online by Cambridge University Press: 14 August 2015
This paper first briefly describes model atmosphere grids now available for comparison with observations. The recent recalibration of the absolute energy distribution of α Lyr substantially improves the agreement of models and observations in the visual. Temperature scales determined by various methods agree reasonably well except for the hottest stars. Recent ultraviolet results suggest that earlier observations of O- and B-type stars indicating large flux deficiencies were probably in error. However, late B- and A-type stars may emit less energy in the UV than that predicted by models which do not include the opacities caused by silicon, magnesium, and carbon.