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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 26 May 2016
We describe the two main techniques by which planetary systems may be imaged, and by which spectra of the planets may be obtained. There is a discussion of how planetary systems will appear, and of the extreme differences in brightness between stars and their planets Coronography is an extension of Lyot's technique by addition of adaptive optics. Nulling is an interferometric technique originally proposed by Bracewell. Differences between the techniques are emphasized. The paper concludes with a discussion of the problem of training people to develop these technically difficult tasks.