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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 14 August 2015
The astronomical refraction mainly depends on the vertical structure or the height profile of atmospheric density. Concerning the vertical structure of atmospheric density, various hypotheses were presented during the last century. Among them Newton's hypothesis of equal temperature and Ivory's one that temperature diminishes at a uniform rate with height appear to represent the height profile of temperature approximately in the lower part of the stratosphere and in the troposphere respectively.