Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 August 2017
Heavy halos are probably not axisymmetric. During disk formation, the visible parts of disk galaxies are likely to have aligned their principal axes with those of the surrounding halos, but it is less clear that early-type galaxies are aligned with their halos. Triaxial halos may possibly sustain, or even excite, the warps often seen in the outer parts of disks. Polar rings and ripples around elliptical galaxies provide promising probes of the triaxiality of halo potentials.