Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T16:12:18.112Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The MK Classification and Its Calibration

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 August 2017

Philip C. Keenan*
Affiliation:
Perkins Observatory, Ohio State and Ohio Wesleyan Universities

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

I have been asked to describe the system of spectral classification as it has developed from the original Yerkes Atlas (Morgan, Keenan, Kellman, 1943) until to-day. I use the word “developed” because any system that is to remain useful must be flexible enough to adapt not only to improved techniques of measurement but also to new theoretical insights into the variables that actually determine the energy spectrum of a star in all its fascinating but sometimes frustrating detail.

Type
1. Review Papers
Copyright
Copyright © Reidel 1985 

References

Abt, H.A. 1984, Personal communication.Google Scholar
Blaauw, A. 1963, in Basic Astronomical Data, ed. Strand, K. Aa., (Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago), p. 383.Google Scholar
Cottrell, P. L. and Norris, J. 1978, Astrophys. J., 221, 893.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawford, D.L. 1978, Astron. J., 83, 48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawford, D.L. 1979, Astron. J., 84, 1858.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Egret, D., Keenan, P.C. and Heck, A. 1982, Astron. Astrophys., 106, 115.Google Scholar
Foy, R. 1979, Astron. Astrophys., 78, 25.Google Scholar
Gratton, L., Gaudenzi, S., Rossi, C. and Gratton, R.G. 1981, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 201, 807.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gratton, R.G. 1983, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 202, 231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grenier, S., Gomez, A.E., Jaschek, C., Jaschek, M. and Heck, A. 1984, unpublished.Google Scholar
Gustafsson, D. and Graae-Jørgensen, U. 1985, in IAU Symposium No. 111: Calibration of Fundamental Stellar Quantities, eds. Hayes, D.S., Pasinetti, L.E. and Davis Philip, A.G., (Reidel: Dordrecht), p. 303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagen, G. 1970, Publ. David Dunlap Obs., 4.Google Scholar
Hagen, G. 1974, , Univ. of Toronto.Google Scholar
Hanson, R.B. 1980, in IAU Symposium No. 85, Star Clusters, ed. Hesser, J.D. (Reidel: Dordrecht), p. 71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayes, D.S. 1985, in IAU Symposium No. 111: Calibration of Fundamental Stellar Quantities, eds. Hayes, D.S., Pasinetti, L.E. and Davis Philip, A.G., (Reidel: Dordrecht), p. 225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heck, A. 1975, , Univ. Liege.Google Scholar
Humphreys, R.B. 1970, Astron. J., 75, 602.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janes, K. and Adler, D. 1982, Astrophys. J. Suppl., 49, 425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jung, J. 1970, Astron. Astrophys., 4, 53.Google Scholar
Keenan, P.C. 1982, Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific, 94, 299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keenan, P.C. 1983, Inform. Bull. CDS, No. 24, 19.Google Scholar
Keenan, P.C. and Boeshaar, P.C. 1980, Astrophys. J. Suppl., 43, 379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keenan, P.C. and Keller, G. 1953, Astrophys. J., 117, 241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keenan, P.C. and McNeil, R.C. 1976, An Atlas of the Spectra of the Cooler Stars: Types G, K, M, S and C. (Ohio State Univ. Press, Columbus).Google Scholar
Keenan, P.C. and Pitts, R.G. 1984, in preparation.Google Scholar
Lesh, J.R. 1979, in IAU Colloquium No. 47: Spectral Classification of the Future, eds. McCarthy, M.F., Philip, A.G.D. and Coyne, G.V., (Vatican Obs. Ric. Astron. Vol. 9), p. 81.Google Scholar
Millward, C.G. and Walker, C.A.H. 1985, in IAU Symposium No. 111 Calibration of Fundamental Stellar Quantities, eds. Hayes, D.S., Pasinetti, L.E. and Davis Philip, A.G., (Reidel: Dordrecht), p. 377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morel, M., Bentolila, C., Cayrel, G. and Hauck, B. 1981, A Catalogue of [Fe/H] Determinations, 2nd version, C.D.S., Strasbourg.Google Scholar
Morgan, W. W. 1984, in The MK Process and Stellar Classification, ed. Garrison, R. F. (David Dunlap Obs., Toronto), p. 18.Google Scholar
Morgan, W.W., Abt, H.A. and Tapscott, J.W. 1978, Revised MK Spectral Atlas for Stars Earlier then the Sun, (Yerkes Obs. and Kitt Peak Nat. Obs.).Google Scholar
Morgan, W.W., Keenan, P.C. and Kellman, E. 1943, An Atlas of Stellar Spectra, (Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago).Google Scholar
Rigal, J.L. 1958, Bull. Astron. Paris, 22, 171.Google Scholar
Schmidt-Kaler, T. 1982, Landolt-Börnstein Neue Ser., Gruppe VI, 2b, 14.Google Scholar
Sneden, C. and Pilachowski, C.A. 1984, Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific, 96, 38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Upgren, A.R., Weis, E.W. and DeLuca, E.E. 1979, Astron. J., 84, 1586.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walborn, N.R. 1972, Astron. J., 77, 312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamashita, Y., Nariai, K. and Norimoto, Y. 1977, An Atlas of Representative Stellar Spectra, (Univ. of Tokyo Press, Tokyo).Google Scholar
Yamashita, Y. and Norimoto, Y. 1981, Ann. Tokyo Obs., 18, 125.Google Scholar