Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T05:07:35.316Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Hydrodynamic line blanketed atmospheres of Wolf-Rayet stars

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 August 2017

Werner Schmutz
Werner Schmutz*
Affiliation:
Institute of Astronomy, ETH Zentrum, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

In this paper I examine the acceleration of Wolf-Rayet winds in the optically thin part of the atmosphere. First, I investigate the radiative force using atmosphere models with specified velocity structures. It is found that “standard” model atmospheres that reproduce the observed spectra of Wolf-Rayet stars do not provide by a large factor (≈10) the force needed to accelerate the adopted velocity structure. Second, using clumping in order to have a favorable luminosity to mass loss ratio, it was attempted to find a hydrodynamic solution of a WR wind. If large clumping factors of the order of 30 are assumed then solutions are possible. However, such models are very unlikely to be correct since they predict much stronger emission lines than observed in any WR star. Third, a modification of the non-LTE rate equations is investigated. It is assumed that a Bowen resonance-fluorescence mechanism removes a small fraction of photons from the radiation field of the helium Lyα resonance line. It turns out that the ionization equilibrium of winds where helium is recombining from He++ to He+ is extremely sensitive to a modification of the radiation field of this line. A removal of 1% of the photons is sufficient to initiate an abruptly changing ionization equilibrium. It is proposed that the key to understand the acceleration of WR winds is the correct calculation of the ionization structure. If this hypothesis is true then today's non-LTE atmospheres yield systematically wrong results. This would not only affect the radiative acceleration but also the observable helium lines that are used for the diagnostic of the stellar temperature. It would imply that the luminosities of WR stars are underestimated by the present atmosphere models.

Keywords

stars: Wolf-Rayetatmospheresmass lossradiative transfer
Type
Session II - Model atmospheres for single Wolf-Rayet stars
Information
Symposium - International Astronomical Union , Volume 163: Wolf-Rayet Stars: Binaries, Colliding Winds, Evolution , 1995 , pp. 127 - 137
Copyright
Copyright © Kluwer 1995 

References

Abbott, D.C., Lucy, L. 1985, ApJ 288, 679 Google Scholar
Castor, J.I., Abbott, D.C., Klein, R.I. 1975, ApJ 195, 157 Google Scholar
Crowther, P.A., Hillier, D.J., Smith, L.J 1994, A&A in press Google Scholar
Ekberg, J.O. 1975, Phys. Scripta 11, 23 Google Scholar
Hamann, W.-R. 1987, in: Kalkofen, W. (ed.), Numerical Radiative Transfer (Cambridge: CUP), p. 35 Google Scholar
Hamann, W.-R., Schmutz, W. 1987, A&A 174, 173 Google Scholar
Hamann, W.-R., Wessolowski, U., Koesterke, L. 1994, A&A 281, 184 Google Scholar
Hillier, D.J. 1988, ApJ 327, 822 Google Scholar
Hillier, D.J. 1991, in: van der Hucht, K.A. & Hidayat, B. (eds.), Wolf-Rayet Stars and Interrelations with Other Massive Stars in Galaxies, Proc. IAU Symp. No. 143 (Dordrecht: Kluwer), p. 59 Google Scholar
Howarth, I.D., Schmutz, W. 1992, A&A 261, 503 Google Scholar
Koenigsberger, G. 1990, A&A 235, 282 Google Scholar
Koenigsberger, G., Auer, L.H. 1985, ApJ 297, 255 Google Scholar
Kurucz, R.L. 1991, it NATO ASI Series C 341, 441 Google Scholar
Lucy, L., Danziger, I.J., Gouiffes, C. 1993, A&A 243, 223 Google Scholar
Lucy, L., Abbott, D.C. 1993, ApJ 405, 738 (LA) Google Scholar
Nugis, T., Sapar, A. 1975, Sov. Astron. (Letters) 11, 188 Google Scholar
Owocki, S.P, Castor, J.I., Rybicki, G.B 1988, ApJ 335, 914 Google Scholar
Pauldrach, A., Puls, J., Hummer, D.G., Kudritzki, R.P. 1985, A&A (Letters) 148, L1 Google Scholar
Puls, J., Pauldrach, A. 1991, NATO ASI Series C 341, 175 Google Scholar
Schaerer, D., Schmutz, W. 1994, A&A in press Google Scholar
Schmutz, W. 1991a, in: van der Hucht, K.A. & Hidayat, B. (eds.), Wolf-Rayet Stars and Interrelations with Other Massive Stars in Galaxies, Proc. IAU Symp. No. 143 (Dordrecht: Kluwer), p. 39 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmutz, W. 1991b, NATO ASI Series C 341, 191 Google Scholar
Schmutz, W. 1994, Sp. Sci. Rev. 66, 253 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmutz, W., Hamann, W.-R. 1986, A&A (Letters) 166, L11 Google Scholar
Schmutz, W., Leitherer, C., Grünwald, R. 1992, PASP 104, 1164 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Springmann, U. 1994 A&A in press Google Scholar
Turolla, R., Nobili, L., Calvani, M. 1988, ApJ 164, 275 Google Scholar
Wessolowski, U., Schmutz, W., Hamann, W.-R. 1988, A&A 194 160 Google Scholar
Willis, A.J. 1982, MNRAS 198, 897 Google Scholar