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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 August 2017
An accumulation of high precision astrometric data in conjunction with high-precision monitoring of the Earth's orientation, motivates “Galactic Astronomy”. As regards local kinematics, all of the three components of both the vorticity and the shear of stars can be completely determined, in addition to the velocity ellipsoid. We can now be released from the constraint of the “axisymmetric” galaxy. The determination of the proper motion of the LMC will be crucial to understanding the global structure and dynamics of the Galaxy with the dark halo and MACHO's motions.