Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T17:20:44.655Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Formation and Early Evolution of Intermediate Mass Stars

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 September 2016

Leonardo Testi
Leonardo Testi*
Affiliation:
INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Firenze, Italy

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

In this paper I discuss our current understanding of the formation of intermediate mass stars and the evolution of their circumstellar material. The results of the search for clusters around Herbig Ae/Be stars are discussed in the context of the possible relationship of the formation of massive stars via coalescence process. Current surveys are not able to offer a definite answer on whether there is a physical relationship between the most massive intermediate mass stars and the presence of clusters. The present day stellar densities in these clusters is too low to allow for frequent stellar collisions, but do not exclude the possibility of coalescence at earlier cluster ages. I review the evidence for and properties of circumstellar disks around Herbig Ae stars, as well as recent observational evidence for dust evolution within these disks. Evidence is presented for the presence of evolved dust in some of these disks, with grain growth to sizes as large as a few centimeters. The status of the search for the more elusive disks around Herbig Be stars is also discussed. Current observations show that disks around Herbig Be stars progenitors may have been common and massive in the protostellar phase, but optically visible Herbig Be stars, albeit very young, are never found to be surrounded by conspicuous dusty disks, suggesting dispersion timescales as short as 1 Myr.

Type
Part 4: Massive Star Formation
Information
Symposium - International Astronomical Union , Volume 221: Star Formation at High Angular Resolution , 2004 , pp. 161 - 168
Copyright
Copyright © Astronomical Society of the Pacific 2004 

References

Beltrán, M.T., Girart, J.M., Estarella, R., Ho, P.T.P., Palau, A. 2002, ApJ, 573, 246 Google Scholar
Berrilli, F., Corciulo, G., Ingrosso, G., Lorenzetti, D., Nisini, B., Strafella, F. 1992, ApJ, 398, 254 Google Scholar
Bonnell, I.A. & Clarke, C.J. 1999, MNRAS, 309, 461 Google Scholar
Bonnell, I.A., Bate, M.R., Zinnecker, H. 1998, MNRAS, 298, 93 Google Scholar
Cesaroni, R., Felli, M., Testi, L., Walmsley, C.M., Olmi, L. 1997, A&A, 325, 725 Google Scholar
Cesaroni, R., Felli, M., Jenness, T., Neri, R., Olmi, L., Robberto, M., Testi, L., Walmsley, C.M. 1999, A&A, 345, 949 Google Scholar
Dullemond, C.P., Dominik, C., Natta, A. 2001, ApJ, 560, 957 Google Scholar
di Francesco, J., Evans, N.J. II, Harvey, P.M., Mundy, L.G., Butner, H.M. 1998, ApJ, 509, 324 Google Scholar
di Francesco, J., Evans, N.J. II, Harvey, P.M., Mundy, L.G., Guilloteau, S., Chandler, C.J. 1997, ApJ, 482, 433 Google Scholar
Fuente, A., Martin-Pintado, J., Bachiller, R., Neri, R., Palla, F. 1998, A&A, 334, 253 Google Scholar
Fuente, A., Martin-Pintado, J., Bachiller, R., Rodriguez-Franco, A., Palla, F. 2002, A&A, 387, 977 Google Scholar
Fuente, A., Rodríguez-Franco, A., Testi, L., Natta, A., Bachiller, R., Neri, R. 2003, ApJ, in press Google Scholar
Gregorio-Hetem, J., et al. 2003, in preparation Google Scholar
Herbig, G.H. 1960, ApJS, 4, 337 Google Scholar
Herbig, G.H. 1994, in “The Nature and Evolutionary Status of Herbig Ae/Be Stars”, The, P.S., Perez, M.R. & Van den Heuvel, E.P.J. eds., ASP Conf. Series, Vol. 62, p. 3 Google Scholar
Hillenbrand, L.A., Hartmann, L.W. 1998, ApJ, 492, 540 Google Scholar
Hillenbrand, L.A., Strom, S.E., Vrba, F.J., Keene, J. 1992, ApJ, 397, 613 Google Scholar
Hillenbrand, L.A. 1995, PhD Thesis, University of Massachusetts Google Scholar
Hollenbach, D.J., Yorke, H.W., Johnstone, D. 2000, in “Protostars & Planets IV”, Mannings, V., Boss, A. & Russell, S.S. eds., (Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press), p. 401 Google Scholar
Mannings, V.G., Koerner, D.W., Sargent, A.I. 1997a, Nature, 388, 555 Google Scholar
Mannings, V.G. & Sargent, A.I. 1997b, ApJ, 490, 792 Google Scholar
Mannings, V.G. & Sargent, A.I. 2000, ApJ, 529, 391 Google Scholar
Miroshnichenko, A., Ivezic, Z., Elitzur, M. 1997, ApJ, 475, L44 Google Scholar
Miyake, K. & Nakagawa, Y. 1993, Icarus, 106, 20 Google Scholar
Moscadelli, L., Cesaroni, R., Rioja, M.J. 2000, A&A, 360, 663 Google Scholar
Motte, F., André, Ph., Neri, R. 1998, A&A, 336, 150 Google Scholar
Natta, A., Grinin, V., Mannings, V. 2000, in Protostars & Planets IV , Mannings, V., Boss, A. & Russell, S.S. eds., (Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press), p. 559 Google Scholar
Natta, A., Palla, F., Butner, H.M., Evans, N.J. II, Harvey, P.M. 1993, ApJ, 406, 674 Google Scholar
Natta, A., Prusti, T., Neri, R., Wooden, D., Grinin, V.P., Mannings, V. 2001, ApJ, 371, 186 Google Scholar
Natta, A., Testi, L., Shepherd, D.S., Wilner, D.J. 2003, A&A, submitted Google Scholar
Natta, A., Whitney, B. 2000, A&A, 364, 633 Google Scholar
Olmi, L. & Testi, L. 2002, A&A, 392, 1053 Google Scholar
Palla, F. & Stahler, S. 1993, ApJ, 418, 414 Google Scholar
Shepherd, D.S., Claussen, M.J., Kurtz, S.E. 2001, Science, 292, 1513 Google Scholar
Shepherd, D.S., Kurtz, S.E. 1999, ApJ, 523, 690 Google Scholar
Smith, B. A., & Terrile, R. J. 1984, Science, 226, 4681 Google Scholar
Stahler, S.W., Palla, F., Ho, P.T.P. 2000, in “Protostars & Planets IV”, Mannings, V., Boss, A. & Russell, S.S. eds., (Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press), p. 327 Google Scholar
Testi, L., Natta, A., Shepherd, D.S., Wilner, D.J. 2001a, ApJ, 554, 1087 Google Scholar
Testi, L., Natta, A., Shepherd, D.S., Wilner, D.J. 2003, A&A, 403, 323 Google Scholar
Testi, L., Palla, F., Natta, A., Prusti, T., Maltagliati, S. 1997, A&A, 320, 159 Google Scholar
Testi, L., Palla, F., Natta, A. 1998, A&AS, 133, 81 Google Scholar
Testi, L., Palla, F., Natta, A. 1999, A&A, 342, 515 Google Scholar
Testi, L., Palla, F., Natta, A. 2001b, in From Darkness to Light: Origin and Evolution of Young Stellar Clusters , Montmerle, T. & André, Ph. eds, ASP Conf. Series V. 243, p. 377 Google Scholar
Testi, L. & Sargent, A.I. 1998, ApJ, 508, L91 Google Scholar
Testi, L., Sargent, A.I., Olmi, L., Onello, J. 2000, ApJ, 540, L53 Google Scholar
Testi, L., Vanzi, L., Massi, F. 2001c, The ESO Messenger, 103, 28 Google Scholar
The, P.S., de Winter, D., Perez, M.R. 1994, A&AS, 104, 315 Google Scholar
Vink, J., Drew, J., Harries, T. & Oudmaijer, R., 2003, in “Galactic Star Formation across the Stellar Mass Spectrum”, ASP Conf. Series V. 287, p. 319 Google Scholar
Zuckermann, B. 2001, ARAA, 39, 549 Google Scholar