Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T00:22:53.429Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Energy Distribution of Planetary Nebulae (UV to Radio)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 August 2017

C.Y. Zhang*
Affiliation:
Department of Astronomy The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX 78712

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The past decade has seen significant progress in our understanding of spectral energy distribution of planetary nebulae over the entire wavelength range from UV to radio. In this review we show the detailed breakdown of the energy budget for a planetary nebula as a system of the three components, i.e., the central star, the gaseous nebula and the dust shell. This picture of the energy distribution is further discussed in the context of planetary nebula evolution.

Type
III. Highlights on the Nebulae
Copyright
Copyright © Kluwer 1993 

References

Aaquist, O.B., and Kwok, S. 1990, A&AS 84, 229 Google Scholar
Acker, A., Koppen, J., Stenholm, B., and Jasniewicz, G. 1989a, A&AS 80, 201 Google Scholar
Acker, A., Koppen, J., Stenholm, B., and Raytchev, B. 1991, A&AS 89, 237 Google Scholar
Acker, A., and Stenholm, B. 1987, The Messenger 48, 16 Google Scholar
Acker, A., Stenholm, B., and Tylenda, R. 1989b, A&AS 77, 487 Google Scholar
Aller, L.H., and Czyzak, S.J. 1979, Ap&SS 62, 397 Google Scholar
Aller, L.H., and Czyzak, S.J. 1983, ApJS 51, 211 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bianchi, L., Recillas, E., and Grewing, M. 1989, in IAU Symp. No. 131, p.307 Google Scholar
Boroson, T.A., and Leibert, J. 1989, ApJ 339, 844 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boggess, A., Freibelman, W.A., and McCracken, C.W. 1981, NASA Publ. 2171, 663 Google Scholar
Brown, R.L., and Mathews, W.G. 1970, ApJ 160, 939 Google Scholar
Clegg, R.E.S., and Middlemass, D. 1987, MNRAS 228, 779 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gacia-Lario, P., Manchado, A., Pottasch, S.R., Suso, J., Oiling, R. 1990, A&AS 82, 497 Google Scholar
Gathier, R., and Pottasch, S.R. 1989, A&A 209, 369 Google Scholar
Heap, S.R., and Augensen, H.J. 1987, ApJ 313, 268 Google Scholar
Henry, R.B.C., and Shipman, H.L. 1986, ApJ 311, 774 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Husfeld, D., Kudritzki, R.P., Simon, K.P., and Clegg, R.E.S. 1984, A&A 134, 139 Google Scholar
IRAS Point Source Catalog, vers. 2, 1988, Joint IRAS Science Working Group, Washington DC: GPO Google Scholar
IRAS Science Team: 1986, IRAs Catalog and Atlases, Atlas of Low Resolution Spectra, A&AS 65, 607 Google Scholar
Jacoby, G.H., and Kaler, J.B. 1989, AJ 98, 1662 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaler, J.B. 1976a, ApJ 210, 113 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaler, J.B. 1976b, ApJS 31, 517 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaler, J.B. 1978, ApJ 226, 947 Google Scholar
Kaler, J.B., and Feibelman, W.A. 1985, ApJ 297, 724 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaler, J.B. 1989, IAU Symp. No. 131, p.229 Google Scholar
Kaler, J.B., Shaw, R.A., Feibelman, W.A., Imhoff, C.L. 1991, PASP 103, 67 Google Scholar
Kaler, J.B., Shaw, R.A., Kwitter, K.B. 1990, ApJ 359, 392 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohoutek, L., and Martin, W. 1981, A&AS 44, 325 Google Scholar
Kwok, S. 1982, ApJ 258, 280 Google Scholar
Kwok, S., Hrivnak, B.J., and Milone, E.F. 1986, ApJ 303, 451 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manchado, A., Pottasch, S.R., Garcia-Lario, P., Esteban, C., Mampaso, A. 1989, A&A 214, 139 Google Scholar
Marionni, P.A., and Harrington, J.P. 1981, NASA Publ. 2171, 633 Google Scholar
Meatheringham, S.J., and Dopita, M.A. 1991, ApJS 75, 407 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mendez, R.H., Kudritzki, R.P., Herrero, A., Husfeld, D., and Groth, H.G. 1988, A&A 190, 113 Google Scholar
Mendez, R.H., Kudritzki, R.P., Herrero, A., 1992, A&A in press Google Scholar
Monk, D.J., Barlow, M.J., Clegg, R.E.S. 1988, MNRAS 234, 583 Google Scholar
Pottasch, S.R., Baud, B., Beintema, D., Emerson, J., Habing, H.J., and Haris, S. 1984, A&A 138, 10 Google Scholar
Pottasch, S.R., Preite-Martinez, A., Olnon, F.M., Mo, J.E., and Kingma, S. 1986, A&A 161, 363 Google Scholar
Preite-Martinez, A., and Persi, P. 1989, A&A 218, 264 Google Scholar
Ratag, M.A., Pottasch, S.R., Zijlstra, A.A., Menzies, J. 1990, A&A 233, 181 Google Scholar
Rudy, R.J., Cohen, R.D., Rossano, G.S., Erwin, P., Puetter, R.C., Lynch, D.L.K. 1991a, ApJ 380, 151 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rudy, R.J., Rossano, G.S., Erwin, P., Puetter, R.C. 1991b, ApJ 368, 468 Google Scholar
Shaw, R.J., and Kaler, J.B. 1985, ApJ 295, 537 Google Scholar
Shaw, R.J., and Kaler, J.B. 1989, ApJS 69, 495 Google Scholar
Stasinska, G., Tylenda, R., Acker, A., Stenholm, B. 1991, A&A 247,173 Google Scholar
Terzian, Y. 1991, in Asteroids to Quasars, ed. Lugger, P.M. (Cambridge Univ. Press), p.105 Google Scholar
Torres-Peimbert, S., and Peimbert, M. 1977, Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrof. 2, 181 Google Scholar
Tylenda, R., Acker, A., Gleizes, F., and Stenholm, B. 1989, A&AS 77, 39 Google Scholar
Tylenda, R., Acker, A., Stenholm, B. Gleizes, F., and Raytchev, B. 1991a, A&AS 89, 77 Google Scholar
Tylenda, R., Stasinska, G., Acker, A., and Stenholm, B. 1991b, A&A 246, 221 Google Scholar
van der Veen, W.E.C.J., Habing, H.J., Geballe, T.R. 1989, A&A 226, 108 Google Scholar
Volk, K. 1992, ApJS 80, 247 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Volk, K., and Cohen, M. 1990, AJ 100, 485 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webster, B.L. 1988, MNRAS 230, 477 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitelock, P.A. 1985, MNRAS 221, 63 Google Scholar
Zhang, C.Y., and Kwok, S. 1990, A&A 237, 479 Google Scholar
Zhang, C.Y., and Kwok, S. 1991, A&A 250, 179 Google Scholar
Zhang, C.Y., and Kwok, S. 1992, ApJ 385, 255 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, C.Y., and Kwok, S. 1992, A&A in press Google Scholar
Zijlstra, A.A., Pottasch, S.R., and Bignell, R.C. 1989, A&AS 79, 3292 Google Scholar