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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 August 2017
Sub-milliarcsecond astrometry often requires an accurate characterization of the orientation of the Earth in a quasi-inertial reference frame. The International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) standards provide the current state of the art in the transformation between celestial and terrestrial reference systems. Improvements in the determination of Earth orientation parameters which describe this transformation continue to be made. Current and future capabilities are given.