Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 May 2016
For nearly 20 years, we've known that clusters at z≳0.3 have a substantial population of “blue galaxies” seen only as fuzzy blobs in ground based images (Butcher & Oemler 1978, 1984). Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images reveal that these “fuzzy blue blobs” are low luminosity, often disturbed, spiral galaxies “Sp” (Dressier et al 1994a,b, Couch et al 1994). Today, rich galaxy clusters are dominated by elliptical “E” and lenticular “S0” galaxies (Dressier 1980), mostly low luminosity dwarfs.