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Dynamical Instability of the Envelopes of Red Supergiants and the Origin of Planetary Nebulae

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 August 2015

B. Paczyński  and
J. Ziółkowski
B. Paczyński
Affiliation:
Institute of Astronomy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
J. Ziółkowski
Affiliation:
Institute of Astronomy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland

Abstract

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Deep convective envelopes of the red supergiants with masses smaller than 4 M⊙ are found to be dynamically unstable for the luminosities in the range of 4 × 103–5 × 104L⊙. The total energy of the envelopes is positive when the recombination energy of the ionized hydrogen and helium is taken into account, and is sufficient to expel a typical envelope up to infinite distance at a speed of 30 km/sec. We suggest that planetary nebulae are formed in this way.

Type
Session VI – Origin and Evolution
Information
Symposium - International Astronomical Union , Volume 34: Planetary Nebulae , 1968 , pp. 396 - 399
Copyright
Copyright © Reidel 1968 

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