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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 May 2016
An important aim of nebular spectroscopy is the identification of new elements. Since the pioneering work of Bowen (1928), who identified the “nebulium” lines with forbidden lines of abundant elements, most elements in nebulae have been discovered thanks to forbidden lines. The number of elements known in planetary nebulae and H II regions was 2, 5, 15, 17, and 20 in 1896, 1927, 1938, 1960, and 1975 respectively.