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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 August 2017
Recently, several binary X-ray sources have been found to be sources of ultra high energy γ-ray emission. Air shower observations indicate photon energies >∼ 1015 eV. We review the current status of observations from the source Cygnus X-3, and compare this data with that from the sources Hercules X-1, Vela X-1, and LMC X-4. Current theoretical models for the production of γ-rays and the acceleration of high energy particles are discussed and the consequences for the evolution of such systems are examined.