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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 August 2017
Spiral galaxies whose radio continuum emission is dominated by their disks show a flattening of the radio continuum spectrum at frequencies well below 1 GHz. The effect appears to be stronger for edge-on than for face-on galaxies The most feasible explanation appears to be that the flattening reflects free-free absorption of nonthermal emission by a very low temperature ionized gas. This gas is probably highly clumped, and must be well-mixed with the nonthermally emitting plasma.