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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 August 2017
We propose that the onset of rapid mass loss among cool giants, and the absence of hot coronal material from their atmospheres, is associated with a transition in the large-scale magnetic topology of the atmosphere from closed to open. According to this view, field loops in the atmospheres of giants of spectral class K and later cannot find equilibrium, but are in a state of dynamical evolution throughout their lifetime in the atmosphere.