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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 14 August 2015
Normal red giants of a given spectral type are shown to be heterogeneous with respect to the following chromospheric features: the Balmer absorption lines, the emission line at H∊, and the double-reversed emission lines at Caii H and K. These chromospheric lines are also shown to be strongly time variable, in at least some red giants, on a time scale of a few months or years. Other chromospheric features that require study lie in the infrared (Hei 10830), the near ultraviolet (Feii emission lines), and the vacuum ultraviolet.