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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 May 2016
The X-ray transient systems have provided the first opportunities for detailed studies of the mass losing star in low-mass X-ray binaries. During X-ray quiescence the cool star is the dominant light source in the red and near-IR. Optical spectroscopy yields the mass function (itself a lower limit to the compact-object mass), the rotational broadening leads to the mass ratio, q (assuming only that the star fills its Roche lobe), and the IR ellipsoidal light curve gives the system inclination (for high q). In such cases, a complete solution to the system parameters is possible, and this has been performed for A 0620-00 (V616 Mon) and GS 2023+338 (V404 Cyg), leading to the first accurate black-hole masses (which are in the range 10–12 M⊙).