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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 May 2016
The recent, concommitant, operation of the Galileo mission to the Jovian system and of the Infrared Space Observatory has provided a wealth of new results on the atmospheric composition of the Giant Planets. These results include (i) first or improved measurements of several elemental and isotope ratios, particularly in Jupiter; (ii) new insights into Jupiter's (and Saturn's) condensible species and tropospheric cloud structure; (iii) a much enriched view of stratospheric hydrocarbon chemistry; and (iv) the discovery of an external source of oxygen into the Giant Planets. These discoveries address key issues such as the origin of Giant Planets, their tropospheric meteorology and stratospheric physico–chemistry and dynamics, and their interaction with the interplanetary medium.