Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T08:26:24.978Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Atmospheres of Substellar-Mass Objects

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 May 2016

Adam Burrows
Adam Burrows*
Affiliation:
The University of Arizona, Department of Astronomy, 933 N. Cherry Ave., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Between the masses of the Jovian planets and the stars, a new population of exotic substellar-mass objects (SMOs) is now being discovered in profusion, that are challenging our notions of what a planet, brown dwarf, or star can be. I focus on some exotic and distinctive aspects of the compositions of SMO atmospheres. In particular, I review the formation of silicate, water, and ammonia clouds, the role of rainout in altering the abundance of the alkali metals, and the suppression by atomic potassium of the optical fluxes of a methane dwarf such as Gliese 229B. Furthermore, I discuss the order in which various molecular, atomic, and condensed species might dominate or influence SMO atmospheres, with an eye to anchoring new spectral classes from Teff ~ 2000 K to ~ 100 K.

Type
Part 9. Outer Solar Nebula and Planetary Atmospheres
Information
Symposium - International Astronomical Union , Volume 197: Astrochemistry: From Molecular Clouds to Planetary Systems , 2000 , pp. 505 - 511
Copyright
Copyright © Astronomical Society of the Pacific 2000 

References

Allard, F., Hauschildt, P.H., Baraffe, I., & Chabrier, G. 1996, ApJ, 465, L123 Google Scholar
Anders, E. & Grevesse, N. 1989, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 53, 197 Google Scholar
Burrows, A., Hubbard, W.B., Saumon, D., & Lunine, J.I. 1993, ApJ, 406, 158 Google Scholar
Burrows, A., Marley, M., Hubbard, W.B. Lunine, J.I., Guillot, T., Saumon, D. Freedman, R., Sudarsky, D., & Sharp, C.M. 1997, ApJ, 491, 856 Google Scholar
Burrows, A. & Sharp, C.M. 1999, ApJ, 512, 843 Google Scholar
Burrows, A., Marley, M.S., & Sharp, C. 1999, accepted to ApJ Google Scholar
Fegley, B. & Lodders, K. 1996, ApJ, 472, L37 Google Scholar
Geballe, T.R., Kulkarni, S.R., Woodward, C.E., & Sloan, G.C. 1996, ApJ, 467, L101 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Golimowski, D.A., et al. 1998, AJ, 115, 2579 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffith, C.A., Yelle, R.V., & Marley, M.S. 1998, Science, 282, 2063 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khare, B.N. & Sagan, C. 1984, Icarus, 60, 127 Google Scholar
Kirkpatrick, J.D., Reid, I.N., Liebert, J., Cutri, R.M., Nelson, B., Beichman, C.A., Dahn, C.C., Monet, D.G., Gizis, J., & Skrutskie, M.F. 1999, ApJ, 519, 802 Google Scholar
Leggett, S., Toomey, D.W., Geballe, T., & Brown, R.H. 1999, ApJ, 517, L139 Google Scholar
Lodders, K. 1999, ApJ, 519, 793 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marley, M.S., Saumon, D., Guillot, T., Freedman, R.S., Hubbard, W.B., Burrows, A., & Lunine, J.I. 1996, Science, 272, 1919 Google Scholar
Nakajima, T., Oppenheimer, B.R., Kulkarni, S.R., Golimowski, D.A., Matthews, K. & Durrance, S.T. 1995, Nature, 378, 463 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oppenheimer, B.R., Kulkarni, S.R., Matthews, K., & Nakajima, T. 1995, Science, 270, 1478 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oppenheimer, B.R., Kulkarni, S.R., Matthews, K., & van Kerkwijk, M.H. 1998, ApJ, 502, 932 Google Scholar
Tsuji, T., Ohnaka, K., Aoki, W., & Nakajima, T. 1996, A&A, 308, L29 Google Scholar
Tsuji, T., Ohnaka, K., & Aoki, W. 1999, ApJ, 520, L119 Google Scholar