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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 14 August 2015
(1) The suggestion of systematic deviations from circular motion by an angle ϕ, constant throughout the Galaxy, was first presented (Edmondson, 1955) [1] as an ad hoc way to recompute distances so as to make the long circular arm discovered by the Leiden observers (van de Hulst, Muller and Oort, 1954) [2] spiral in. The logarithmic spiral motions postulated in this model are not necessarily along the spiral arms, in contrast to the assumption made by Mrs Rubin (1955) [3].