Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T00:58:12.114Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Thomas Cook, Holy Land Pilgrims, and the Dawn of the Modern Tourist Industry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 March 2016

Timothy Larsen*
Affiliation:
Tyndale Seminary, Toronto

Extract

During a visit to Palestine in 1853, A P. Stanley, then canon of Canterbury, sent missives to friends as he went along, describing his reactions to the Holy Land. Goldwin Smith, a fellow at University College Oxford, enthused, ‘You have nothing to do but to piece together your letters, cut off their heads and tails, and the book is done.’ Sinai and Palestine (1856) became his most popular work. When the Prince of Wales decided to visit Palestine in 1862 he asked the canon to accompany him: Stanley had been Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical History at the University of Oxford in the late 1850s, and he was the nephew of a peer. Although his position in the social order excelled that of many other Eastern travellers at mid-century, Stanley serves well to evoke the kind of encounters between religiously-minded Britons and the Holy Land which were experienced in the era before modern tourism.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Ecclesiastical History Society 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Prothero, R.E and Bradley, G. G., The Life and Correspondence of Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, 2 vols (London, 1894), 2, pp. 4456 Google Scholar.

2 General Baptist Magazine, July 1869, p. 197.

3 Stoughton, John, Recollections of a Long Life, 2nd edn (London, 1894), p. 145 Google Scholar.

4 Twain, Mark, The Innocents Abroad (New York, 1996)Google Scholar [originally 1869]. I am grateful to my father, Kenneth W. Larsen, for drawing my attention to this source.

5 Leighton, William Henry, A Cook’s Tour to the Holy Land in 1874 (London, 1947), p. 57 Google Scholar.

6 Manning, Samuel, ‘Those Holy Fields’ (London, [1874]), p. 42 Google Scholar.

7 Cook’s Excursionist (Christmas Supplement), 10 Dec. 1868, p. 21.

8 Burns, Jabez, Help-Book for Travellers to the East, 2nd edn (London, 1872), p. 179 Google Scholar.

9 London, Thomas Cook Archives, ‘Diary of George Jager’, 1874 (typescript of original), p. 13. I owe a great debt to Jill Lomer, Archives Administrator, who patiently fulfilled numerous requests.

10 Hall, Newman, An Autobiography (London, 1898), p. 150 Google Scholar.

11 Prothero and Bradley, Stanley, 2, p. 72.

12 Programme of Cook’s Tour to Egypt, the Nile, and Palestine, Leaving New York, January 4, 1873 (London), p. 6.

13 Burns, Help-Book, p. 83.

14 A[llon], H[enry], ‘The Peninsula of Sinai: notes of travel therein’, British Quarterly Review, 43 (1866), p. 116 Google Scholar.

15 Hodder, Edwin, On Holy Ground (London, 1875), pp. 1920 Google Scholar.

16 Twain, Innocents Abroad, p.567.

17 Leighton, Cook’s Tour, p. 46.

18 Manning, ‘Holy Fields’, p. 52.

19 Cook’s Excursionist, 7 July 1870, p. 5.

20 Hall, Autobiography, p. 152.

21 Hughes, D. P., The Life of Hugh Price Hughes (London, 1904), p. 395 Google Scholar.

22 Hardy Harwood, W., Henry Allon (London, 1894), p. 45 Google Scholar.

23 Leighton, Cook’s Tour, p. 62.

24 Burns, Help-Book, p. 103.

25 Allon, ‘Sinai’, pp. 91, 112.

26 Cook’s Excursionist, 7 July 1870, p. 5.

27 Manning, ‘Holy Fields’, p. 26.

28 Stoughton, Recollections, pp. 145-6.

29 Cook’s Excursionist, 24 Nov. 1873, p. 7.

30 Leighton, Cook’s Tour, p. 66.

31 Hughes, Hughes, p. 395.

32 Cook’s Excursionist (Christmas Supplement), 10 Dec. 1868, p. 37.

33 ‘Diary of George Jager’, p. 18.

34 Manning, ‘Holy Fields’, pp. 32, 205, 193, 140.

35 Cook’s Excursionist, 3 May 1869, p. 5.

36 Burns, Help-Book, p. 66.

37 Manning, ‘Holy Fields’, p. 150.

38 Ibid., p. 22.

39 Stoughton, Recollections, p. 151. A useful discussion of this theme can be found in Shepherd, Naomi, The Zealous Intruders: The Western Rediscovery of Palestine (London, 1987)Google Scholar, ch. 3.

40 General Baptist Magazine, July 1869, p. 202.

41 Hodder, Holy Ground, pp. 18-19, 330–3.

42 Programme of Cook’s Tour, p. 8.

43 Stoughton, Recollections, p. 147.

44 Hall, Autobiography, p. 331.

45 Ibid., p. 151.

46 General Baptist Magazine, Dec. 1868, p. 362.

47 Cook’s Excursionist, 3 May 1869, p. 3.

48 Ibid., 24 Nov. 1873, p. 7.

49 Fraser Rae, W., The Business of Travel (London, 1891), pp. 2712 Google Scholar.

50 Russell, William Howard, A Diary in the East (London, 1869), pp. 3212 Google Scholar.

51 See, for his denial of this charge, Cook, Thomas, Letters to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales (London, 1870)Google Scholar.

52 Cook’s Excursionist, 3 May 1869, p. 5.

53 Russell, Diary, p. 147.

54 Pudney, John, The Thomas Cook Story (London, 1953), pp. 1889 Google Scholar.

55 Rae, Business, pp. 84, 215.

56 Cook’s Excursionist, 3 May 1869, p. 4.

57 General Baptist Magazine, Dec. 1868, p. 359.

58 Cook’s Excursionist, 25 Nov. 1868, p. 2.

59 London, Thomas Cook Archives, Thomas Cook to his wife, 24 March 1873; Ingle, Robert, Thomas Cook of Leicester (Bangor, 1991), p. 48 Google Scholar.

60 Cook’s Excursionist (American edn), Dec. 1877, p. 11.

61 Cook’s Excursionist, 6 Dec. 1879, p. 13.

62 For a general discussion of this issue, see Vukonic, Boris, Tourism and Religion (London, 1996)Google Scholar. Also, Michael Prior, ‘Pilgrimage to the Holy Land, yesterday and today’, in Prior, Michael and Taylor, William, eds, Christians in the Holy Land (London, 1995)Google Scholar. For this and some other themes developed in this paper, see Davies, J. G., Pilgrimage Yesterday and Today (London, 1988), especially pp. 14052 Google Scholar.

63 Hall, Autobiography, p. 329.

64 For example, see ‘Diary of George Jager’, pp. 13, 17.

65 Cook’s Excursionist, 5 Aug. 1872, p. 2.