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A. H. Clough: a case study in Victorian doubt

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 March 2016

P. G. Scott*
Affiliation:
University of Edinburgh

Extract

In 1868, F. W. Farrar addressed the Church Congress in Dublin on the reasons why young men were increasingly alienated from the church: ‘the alienation of the most highly educated’, he declared, ‘is as much an intellectual as the alienation of the uneducated is a moral and social phenomenon’. The emphasis we have inherited on the intellectual difficulties in religious belief felt by Victorian doubters of the upper-middle classes has obscured the extent to which their alienation, like that of the uneducated, was part of a broader shift in attitudes. This change of attitudes could precede disengagement from institutional religious allegiance by many years, and had little to do with specific intellectual difficulties. Discussion in terms of ‘difficulties’ caused by geology, biblical criticism, and so on, may be the way doubters chose to explain their detachment from the Church, and only one cause among many of that detachment.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Ecclesiastical History Society 1972

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References

page no 383 note 1 Farrar, F. W., ‘The Church and her younger members’, Fortnightly Review, n.s. IV (London 1868) p 573 Google Scholar.

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page no 383 note 3 [Gover, William], in The Parent’s Review, VII (London 1896) p 133 Google Scholar.

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page no 385 note 1 Oxford, Bodleian MS Eng Misc c 359, fols 150-1; quoted by permission of Miss K. Duff and the Keeper of Western MSS. Professor F. L. Mulhauser had made an independent attribution of this poem to Clough, and is including the full text in his forthcoming edition.

page no 385 note 2 Faber, Geoffrey, Jowett, a portrait with a background (London 1957) p 134 Google Scholar.

page no 385 note 3 Ward, Wilfrid, William George Ward and the Oxford Movement (London 1889) p 109 Google Scholar.

page no 386 note 1 Poems [of Arthur Hugh Clough, ed Lowry, H. F., Norrington, A. L. P., and Mulhauser, F. L.] (Oxford 1951) p 170 Google Scholar: on the night-battle, see Gollin, R. M., ‘“Dover Beach”: the background of its imagery’, English Studies, XLVIII (Amsterdam 1967) pp 493511 Google Scholar.

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page no 386 note 4 [Selected] Prose[Works of Arthur Hugh Clough], ed Trawick, B.B. (Alabama 1964) p 287 Google Scholar.

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page no 386 note 6 Correspondence, I, p 182.

page no 387 note 1 Poems, p 21.

page no 387 note 2 ‘Epi-Strauss-ium’, Poems, p 49.

page no 387 note 3 Correspondence, I, p 304: on ethical repugnance to orthodoxy see Howard, Murphy, American Historical Review, LX (New York 1955) pp 800-17Google Scholar.

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page no 388 note 1 A case is made for the continuity and coherence of Clough’s thought by Michael, Timko, Innocent Victorian (Ohio 1966) pp 1960 Google Scholar.

page no 388 note 2 Budd, Susan, ‘The Loss of Faith; Reasons for Unbelief among members of the Secular Movement in England, 1850-1950’, Past and Present, XXXVI (Oxford 1967) pp 106-25Google Scholar.

page no 388 note 3 Clough published a pamphlet against Oxford extravagance in 1847: in Prose, pp 226-40.

page no 388 note 4 Prose, p 308.

page no 389 note 1 Stanley, A. P., Daily News (London 8 January 1862) p 2 Google Scholar: Ian, Fletcher, New Statesman (London 19 December 1969) p 899 Google Scholar.

page no 389 note 2 James, D. G., Henry Sidgwick (Oxford 1970) p 50 Google Scholar; Letters of John Addington Symonds, ed Peters, R. L. and Schueller, H. M., I (Detroit 1967) p 670 Google Scholar.

page no 389 note 3 Lowell, J. R., My Study Windows (Boston 1899) p 211 Google Scholar: a full list of Victorian comment is given in Gollin, R. M., Houghton, W. E., and Timko, M., Arthur Hugh Clough, A Descriptive Catalogue (New York 1967) part IIIGoogle Scholar.

page no 389 note 4 Certainly some: see Kellett, E. E., As I Remember (London 1936) p 106 Google Scholar, and Louis, Grey, ‘The Agnostic at Church’, Nineteenth Century, XI (London 1882) pp 73-6Google Scholar.