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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 January 2016
The College of Cardinals constituted the innermost circle of the medieval papal household – arguably one of the most important households in Christendom – whose influence was sought by envoys pursuing diplomatic affairs and petitioners looking to secure grace and justice. The relationships between the pope and the cardinals of his household, and of the household with those outside the papal curia, were integral to the operation of papal government. The college consulted with the pope on matters of politics and everyday church administration, and its specific roles included the election of new popes, the concession of privileges, auditing legal cases heard at the papal curia, deployment of its members as legates a latere, and the administration of important curial departments. Although the pope could not dismiss existing cardinals, it was the personal prerogative of the reigning pope to select clergy for appointment to this elite household, although his decisions seem to have been subject to ratification by the existing members of the college, whose exact level of involvement in appointments remains unclear.
I wish to express my gratitude to Barbara Bombi, Sarah Foot, Bernard Hamilton, Christopher Tilley and the editors of Studies in Church History for commenting on this essay.
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38 Reg. Vat. 9, fol. 249 (Regesta, ed. Pressutti, no. 1277).
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40 Reg.Vat. 10, fol. 92v (Regesta, ed. Pressutti, no. 2055).
41 Reg.Vat. 10, fol. 173r (Regesta, ed. Pressutti, no. 2405).
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48 Eubel, Hierarchia, 5, not to be confused with his predecessor as cardinal bishop of Tusculum (1204-18/19), also named Nicholas.
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56 Reg. Vat. 10, fol. 131v (Regesta, ed. Pressutti, no. 2201).
57 Reg. Vat. 10, fol. I40v (Regesta, ed. Pressutti, no. 2261).
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72 Maleczek, Kardinalskolleg, 294. Innocent III, however, made considerable use of Cistercians to combat heresy in southern France: Moore, John. C., Pope Innocent III (1160/61-1216): To Root up and to Plant (Leiden, 2003), 152–3.Google Scholar