Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 January 2016
The Ecclesiastical History Society’s fiftieth anniversary conference provides an opportunity both to celebrate the achievements of the society and to reflect on the current state of the discipline. In asking whether church historians have lost the plot, I do not mean to question colleagues’ reason and sanity, but to wonder whether those of us who work in this field might have forgotten some of the objectives and principles that once distinguished our endeavour. Has ecclesiastical history lost its sense of purpose, its place at the heart of historical enterprise, to the extent that it has become not just marginalized and peripheral, but essentially irrelevant both to academic study and wider society?
I gave an earlier version of this essay as my inaugural lecture in Oxford on 18 May 2011: ‘Thinking with Christians: Doing Ecclesiastical History in a Secular Age’.
1 Bebbington, David, ‘Response: The History of Ideas and the Study of Religion’, in Chapman, Alister, Coffey, John and Gregory, Brad S., eds, Seeing Things Their Way: Intellectual History and the Return of Religion (Notre Dame, IN, 2009), 240–57 Google Scholar, at 243–4.
2 Catholic Encyclopaedia, s.v. ‘Ecclesiastical history’, online at: <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07365a.htm>, accessed 2 April 2011.
3 Eusebius, The History of the Church, transl. Williamson, G. A., rev. edn Louth, Andrew, Penguin Classics (Harmondsworth, 1989)Google Scholar; Bede’s Ecclesiastical History of the English People, ed. and transl. Colgrave, Bertram and Mynors, R. A. B., OMT (Oxford, 1969).Google Scholar
4 Wormald, Patrick, ‘The Venerable Bede and the “Church of the English”’, in Rowell, Geoffrey, ed., The English Religious Tradition and the Genius of Anglicanism (Wantage, 1992), 13–32.Google Scholar
5 Brooke, C. N. L., ‘Problems of the Church Historian’, in Dugmore, C. W. and Duggan, Charles, eds, Studies in Church History 1 (London, 1964), 1–19 Google Scholar, at 1.
6 Knowles, David, ‘The Maurists’, in idem, Great Historical Enterprises (London, 1963). 33–62.Google Scholar at 50.
7 Stubbs, William, ‘Inaugural Lecture, 7 February 1867’, in idem, Seventeen Lectures on the Study of Mediaeval and Modern History and Kindred Subjects (Oxford, 1900), 1–28 Google Scholar, at 27.
8 Copy of letter from Dean Gaisford to Archbishop Howley, 28 October 1840, preserved in Oxford, Bodl., University Archives, MS N.W.21.5, ‘Memoranda respecting the Professorships of Pastoral Theology and Eccl. History and the Statute De Disciplina Theologica’, fol. 15 (in the handwriting of T. Gaisford, dean of Christ Church).
9 Stubbings, Frank, Forty-Nine Lives: An Anthology of Portraits of Emmanuel Men (Cambridge, 1983), 37.Google Scholar
10 Creighton, Mandell, ‘The Teaching of Ecclesiastical History’ (Inaugural lecture delivered in Cambridge, 23 January 1885), in Creighton, Louise, ed., Historical Lectures and Addresses (London, 1903), 1–28 Google Scholar, at 5.
11 Ibid. 2–3.
12 Ibid. 15.
13 Creighton, Mandell, ‘The Church and the Nation’ (paper delivered at the Wolverhampton Church Congress, 1887), in Creighton, Louise, ed., The Church and the Nation: Charges and Addresses (London, 1901), 156–65 Google Scholar, at 156.
14 Bentley, Michael, Modernizing England’s Past: English Historiography in the Age of Modernism (Cambridge 2005), 67 Google Scholar; see also Gwatkin, H. M., The Meaning of Ecclesiastical History: An Inaugural Lecture (Cambridge, 1891), 8.Google Scholar
15 Cameron, Euan, Interpreting Christian History: The Challenge of the Churches’ Past (Oxford, 2005), 3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16 Bentley, Modernizing, 46–9.
17 Brooke, Z. N., The Prospects of Medieval History: An Inaugural Lecture Delivered at Cambridge 17 October 1944 (Cambridge, 1944), 3.Google Scholar
18 Hufton, Olwen, ‘What is Religious History Now?’, in Cannadine, David, ed., What is History Now? (London, 2002), 57–79 CrossRefGoogle Scholar, at 58.
19 Kings College London, College Archive, K/PP097, box 2: C. W. Dugmore, ‘Ecclesiastical History No Soft Option’, 25; quoted by Fletcher, Stella, A Very Agreeable Society: The Ecclesiastical History Society 1961–2011 (Southampton, 2011), 6.Google Scholar Dugmore’s lecture was later published by SPCK: Ecclesiastical History No Soft Option: An Inaugural Lecture (London, 1959).
20 Stanley, A. P., Three Introductory Lectures on the Study of Ecclesiastical History (Oxford, 1857), 39.Google Scholar
21 Knowles, David, The Monastic Order in England: A History of its Development from the Times of St Dunstan to the Fourth Lateran Council, 940–1216 (Cambridge, 1940)Google Scholar; Dugmore, C. W., The Mass and the English Reformers (London, 1959)Google Scholar; Greenslade, Stanley, Schism in the Early Church (London, 1953).Google Scholar
22 Jacob, E. F., The Register of Henry Chichele, Archbishop of Canterbury 1414–43, 4 vols, CYS 42, 45–7 (Oxford, 1937-47)Google Scholar; Essays in the Conciliar Epoch (Manchester, 1943); cf. also his contribution to the Oxford History of England, The Fifteenth Century, 1399–1485 (Oxford, 1961); or Henry V and the Invasion of France (London, 1947).
23 The first volume of SCH included an essay by Christopher Brooke reflecting on the problems of the church historian, covering many of the same issues raised by this paper: see n. 5 above.
24 Brakke, David, ‘The Early Church in North America: Late Antiquity, Theory and the History of Christianity’, ChH 71 (2002), 473–91 Google Scholar, at 475. That has been one of the guiding principles underpinning the Society’s annual publication, Studies in Church History, whose volumes survey particular themes across the two millennia of ecclesiastical history.
25 Brown, Peter, ‘What’s in a name?’, lecture inaugurating the Centre for Late Antiquity in Oxford, online at: <http://www.ocla.ox.ac.uk/pdf/brown_what_in_name.pdf>, accessed 15 April 2011.,+accessed+15+April+2011.>Google Scholar
26 Fletcher, A Very Agreeable Society, 2.
27 Ibid. 3.
28 Thomas, Keith, ‘The Tools and the Job’, Times Literary Supplement, 7 April 1966, 275.Google Scholar
29 This is the more surprising given Barraclough’s own distinguished contributions to church history, especially papal history: cf.Barraclough, G., The Medieval Papacy (London, 1968).Google Scholar
30 Hill, Christopher, Economic Problems of the Church: From Archbishop Whitgift to the Long Parliament (Oxford, 1956)Google Scholar; Kershaw, Ian, Bolton Priory: The Economy of a Northern Monastery, 1286–1325 (Oxford, 1973)Google Scholar; Miller, Edward, The Abbey & Bishopric of Ely: The Social History of an Ecclesiastical Estate from the Tenth Century to the Early Fourteenth Century (Cambridge, 1951)Google Scholar; King, Edmund, Peterborough Abbey, 1086–1310: A Study in the Land Market (Cambridge, 1973).Google Scholar
31 Gilbert, Alan D., Religion and Society in Industrial England: Church, Chapel and Social Change, 1740–1914 (London, 1976).Google Scholar
32 For a positive assessment of the value of such work, see Miri Rubin, ‘Religion’, in Rublack, Ulinka, ed., A Concise Companion to History (Oxford, 2011), 317–30 Google Scholar, at 318, quoting Chaunu, Pierre, La Mort à Paris XVIe, XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles (Paris, 1978)Google Scholar, and Chiffoleau, Jacques, La Comptabilité de l’au-delà: les hommes, la mort et la religion dans la région d’Avignon à la fin du Moyen Âge (Rome, 1980).Google Scholar
33 Furet, François, ‘Quantitative Methods in History’, in Le Goff, Jacques and Nora, Pierre, eds, Constructing the Past: Essays in Historical Methodology (Cambridge, 1985), 12–27 Google Scholar, at 18.
34 Haigh, Christopher, ‘A. G. Dickens and the English Reformation’, HR 77 (2004), 24–38 CrossRefGoogle Scholar, at 29–30.
35 Bebbington, David, Evangelicalism in Modern Britain: A History from the 1730s to the 1980s (London, 1988)Google Scholar; idem, The Dominance of Evangelicalism: The Age of Spurgeon and Moody (Leicester, 2005).
36 The fruits of that research were published as Foot, Sarah, Veiled Women: The Disappearance of Nuns from Anglo-Saxon England, 2 vols (Aldershot, 2000).Google Scholar
37 Green, Simon, The Passing of Protestant England: Secularisation and Social Change c.1920–1960 (Cambridge, 2011).Google Scholar
38 Prochaska, Frank, Christianity and Social Service in Modern Britain (Oxford, 2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39 Van Engen, John, ‘The Future of Medieval Church History’, ChH 71 (2002), 492–522 Google Scholar, at 496–7.
40 Fletcher, A Very Agreeable Society, 34.
41 Ibid. 103.
42 Van Engen. ‘The Future’, 498.
43 Ladurie, E. Le Roy, Montaillou: Cathars and Catholics in a French Village, 1294–1324 (London, 1978), 352 Google Scholar; quoted in Biller, Peter, ‘Through a Glass Darkly: Seeing Medieval Heresy’, in Linehan, Peter and Nelson, Janet L., eds, The Medieval World (London, 2001), 308–26 Google Scholar, at 320.
44 Thomas, Keith, ‘History and Anthropology’, P&P, no. 24 (1963), 3–24.Google Scholar
45 Geertz, Clifford, ‘Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight’, in idem, The Interpretation of Cultures (New York, 1973), 412–53 Google Scholar; see also Vaughan, Megan, ‘Culture’, in Rublack, , ed., Concise Companion to History, 227–45 Google Scholar, at 233–4.
46 Ibid. 235; see also Rubin, ‘Religion’, 317–8.
47 e.g. Schmitt, Jean-Claude, The Holy Greyhound: Guinefort, Healer of Children since the Thirteenth Century (Cambridge, 1983)Google Scholar; Rubin, Miri, Christi, Corpus: The Eucharist in Late Medieval Culture (Cambridge, 1999)Google Scholar; Ginzburg, Carlo, The Cheese and the Worms (London, 1980).Google Scholar
48 Bossy, John, ‘Some Elementary Forms of Durkheim’, P&P, no. 95 (1982), 3–22.Google Scholar
49 Fletcher, A Very Agreeable Society, 92.
50 Ibid. 93.
51 Ibid.
52 Cambridge History of Christianity, 9 vols (Cambridge, 2005–9).
53 Noble, Thomas F. X. and Smith, Julia M. H., ‘Preface’ to CHC, 3: Early Medieval Christianities, c.600-c.1100 (Cambridge, 2008), xvi.Google Scholar
54 ‘Editorial’, ChH 67/1 (March 1998), v-vi.
55 The further particulars for the chair when it was advertised in 2010 situated the post within the expansion of ecclesiastical history in recent years ‘to include the broader history of the Christian religion, which may include its relations with or comparisons to other major world religions’.
56 MacCulloch, Diarmaid, Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years (London, 2010).Google Scholar
57 McLeod, Hugh, ‘Varieties of Victorian Belief’, JMH 64 (1992), 321–37 Google Scholar, at 322–3, 337; Green, Passing of Protestant England, 8–9.
58 Rubin, ‘Religion’, 319.
59 Ibid. 329.
60 Ibid.
61 Van Engen, John, ‘The Christian Middle Ages’, AHR 91 (1986), 519–52 Google Scholar, at 544.
62 Clark, Stuart, Thinking with Demons: The Idea of Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe (Oxford, 1997).Google Scholar
63 Taylor, Charles, A Secular Age (Cambridge, MA, 2007), 428–9.Google Scholar
64 Chapman, Alister, ‘Intellectual History and Religion in Modern Britain’, in Chapman, et al., eds, Seeing Things Their Way, 226–39 Google Scholar, at 229.
65 Coffey, John and Chapman, Alister, ‘Introduction: Intellectual History and the Return of Religion’, in Chapman, et al., eds, Seeing Things Their Way, 1–23 Google Scholar, at 4.
66 May, Henry F., ‘The Recovery of American Religious History’, AHR 70 (1964), 79–92.Google Scholar
67 Carwardine, Richard, Evangelicals and Politics in Antebellum America (New Haven, CT, 1993)Google Scholar; idem, Lincoln: A Life of Purpose and Power (New York, 2006).
68 Apetrei, Sarah, Women, Feminism and Religion in Early Enlightenment England (Cambridge, 2010), 42.Google Scholar
69 Garnett, Jane et al., eds, Redefining Christian Britain: Post-1945, Perspectives (London, 2007)Google Scholar; Grimley, Matthew, Citizenship, Community, and the Church of England: Liberal Anglican Theories of the State between the Wars (Oxford, 2004)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Whyte, William, Oxford fackson: Architecture, Education, Status, and Style 1835–1924 (Oxford, 2006).Google Scholar
70 Dowling, J. G., An Introduction to the Critical Study of Ecclesiastical History (London, 1838), 2 Google Scholar: ‘an acquaintance with the facts of Ecclesiastical history is as indispensably necessary to the statesman and the philosopher as it is to the professional divine. … Whenever it has been neglected, the consequence has uniformly been a melancholy increase of disorder and error.’
71 Knowles, David, letter to ‘JHCA’, 14 April 1964, quoted in Alberic Stacpoole, ‘The Making of a Monastic Historian’, Ampleforth Journal 80/2 (Summer 1975), 17–38 Google Scholar, at 17.
72 Knowles, David, ‘Foreword’ to Mirgeler, Albert, Mutations of Western Christianity (Mainz, 1961; English edn London, 1964).Google Scholar