Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T21:10:46.000Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Securing Communities or Profits? The Effect of Federal-Local Partnerships on Immigration Enforcement

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 January 2021

Jillian Jaeger
Jillian Jaeger*
Affiliation:
Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
*
Jillian Jaeger, Department of Political Science, Boston University, 232 Bay State Road, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Leading theories of local responses to immigration claim that ideology drives policy differences. However, these studies focus exclusively on policy adoption, neglecting whether or not ideological preferences also govern the extent to which local actors choose to cooperate with federal immigration initiatives. To account for this shortcoming, I use zero-inflated negative binomial regression to assess county-level deportations resulting from local participation in the Secure Communities program. I find that existing financial and structural resources as well as financial incentives are strong determinants of county deportation levels. Furthermore, there is no evidence to suggest that conservative counties produce more deportations. Instead, the size of a county's policing budget moderates the relationship between ideological orientations and deportation outcomes. With federal-local policy partnerships on the rise, these findings provide an important foundation for developing a better framework to understand the implications of such partnerships for policy implementation. In short, this article suggests that although policy adoption may be a politicized process, local compliance with federal initiatives is highly dependent on the resource constraints and incentives of the actors involved.

Keywords

immigration policyfederalismpolicy implementationlocal politicsbudgeting
Type
Research Article
Information
State Politics & Policy Quarterly , Volume 16 , Issue 3 , September 2016 , pp. 362 - 386
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2016

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baicker, Katherine, and Jacobson, Mireille. 2007. “Finders Keepers: Forfeiture Laws, Policing Incentives, and Local Budgets.” Journal of Public Economics 91:2113–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrilleaux, Charles, Feiock, Richard, and Crew, Robert E. Jr. 1992. “Measuring and Comparing American States' Administrative Characteristics.” State and Local Government Review 24 (1): 12–18..Google Scholar
Barry, Michael. 2008. “Memo from Lieutenant Michael Barry, Martin County Sheriff's Office to Major Steve Chase, Re Immigration Procedures.” Florida_ORR_0153. Public record obtained by the Florida Immigrant Advocacy Center. http://www.fiacfla.org/fiacsecure-communities.html (accessed February 24, 2015).Google Scholar
Beckett, Katherine, and Evans, Heather. 2013. “Immigration Detainer Requests in King County, Washington: Costs and Consequences.” Report Commissioned by the Northwest Defenders Association, Seattle.Google Scholar
Burnett, John. 2014. “How Will a Small Town in Arizona Manage an ICE Facility in Texas?” National Public Radio, October 28. http://www.npr.org/2014/10/28/359411980/how-will-a-small-town-in-arizona-manage-an-ice-facility-in-texas (accessed April 15, 2015).Google Scholar
Carson, Bethany, and Diaz, Eleana. 2015. “Payoff: How Congress Ensures Private Prison Profit with an Immigrant Detention Quota.” Grassroots Leadership Report, Austin.Google Scholar
Chacon, Jennifer M. 2012. “The Transformation of Immigration Federalism.” William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal 21 (2): 577–618..Google Scholar
Chand, Daniel E., and Schreckhise, William D.. 2015. “Secure Communities and Community Values: Local Context and Discretionary Immigration Law Enforcement.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 41:1621–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chavez, Jorge M., and Provine, Doris Marie. 2009. “Race and the Response of State Legislatures to Unauthorized Immigrants.” The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 623 (1): 78–92..CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chin, Gabriel J., and Miller, Marc L.. 2011. “The Unconstitutionality of State Regulation of Immigration through Criminal Law.” Duke Law Journal 61 (2): 251–314..Google Scholar
Cho, Chung-Lae, Kelleher, Christine A., Wright, Deil S., and Yackee, Susan Webb. 2005. “Translating National Policy Objectives into Local Achievements across Planes of Governance and among Multiple Actors: Second-Order Devolution and Welfare Reform Implementation.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 15 (1): 31–54..CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corrections Corporation of America. 2015. “Find a Facility.” http://www.cca.com/locations (accessed April 5, 2015).Google Scholar
Cox, Adam B., and Miles, Thomas J.. 2013. “Policing Immigration.” The University of Chicago Law Review 80 (87): 87–136..Google Scholar
Creek, Heather M., and Yoder, Stephen. 2012. “With a Little Help from Our Feds: Understanding State Immigration Enforcement Policy Adoption in American Federalism.” Policy Studies Journal 40 (4): 674–97..CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Del Valle, Fernando. 2015. “Willacy County Looks to Survive Prison Closure.” The Monitor, May 4. http://www.themonitor.com/news/local/willacy-county-looks-to-survive-prison-closure/article_6da1a730-f1f5-11e4-99e0-d352869b2e10.html (accessed May 13, 2015).Google Scholar
Department of Homeland Security. 2015. Budget in Brief: Fiscal Year 2015. Washington, DC: Department of Homeland Security.Google Scholar
Department of Homeland Security, Detention Management Division. 2010. “IGSA Facilities Used by ICE in FY2010.” http://www.ice.gov/doclib/foia/isa/igsafacilitylistasof03012010.pdf (accessed April 2, 2015).Google Scholar
Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. 2009. Secure Communities Standard Operating Procedures. Washington, DC: Department of Homeland Security.Google Scholar
Eisner, Marc Allen, Worsham, Jeffrey, and Ringquist, Evan J.. 2000. Contemporary Regulatory Policy. Boulder: Lynne Reiner.Google Scholar
Facchini, Giovanni, and Mayda, Anna Maria. 2009. “Does the Welfare State Affect Individual Attitudes toward Immigrants? Evidence across Countries.” Review of Economics and Statistics 91 (2): 295–314..CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Federal Bureau of Investigation, Uniform Crime Reports. 2011. “Offenses Known to Law Enforcement, by State by Metropolitan and Non-metropolitan Counties. Table 10.” https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2011/crime-in-the-u.s.-2011/offenses-known-to-law-enforcement/standard-links/county-agency (accessed April 28, 2015).Google Scholar
Federation for American Immigration Reform. 2010. “Immigration Facts: Public Opinion Polls on Immigration.” http://www.fairus.org/facts/public-opinion (accessed September 15, 2015).Google Scholar
GEO Group, Inc. 2015. “Locations.” http://www.geogroup.com/locations (accessed April 5, 2015).Google Scholar
Government Accountability Office. 2014. “State and Local Governments Fiscal Outlook: 2014 Update.” Released December 17, 2014. http://www.gao.gov/assets/670/667624.txt (accessed September 20, 2015).Google Scholar
Greene, Judith. 2012. “The Cost of Responding to Immigration Detainers in California: Preliminary Findings.” Immigration Strategies. https://immigrantjustice.org/sites/immigrantjustice.org/files/Justicestrategies–Cost%20of%20Responding%20to%20detain-ers%20in%20CA.pdf (accessed April 3, 2015).Google Scholar
Hall, Thad E., and O'Toole, Laurence J.. 2004. “Shaping Formal Networks through the Regulatory Process.” Administration & Society 36 (2): 186–207..CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanson, Gordon H., Scheve, Kenneth, and Slaughter, Matthew. 2007. “Public Finance and Individual Preferences over Globalization Strategies.” Economics & Politics 19 (1): 1–33..CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, Craig. 2015. “Unique Deal to Detain Migrants Nets Eloy $438,000.” The Arizona Republic, January 18. http://www.azcentral.com/story/news/politics/immigration/2015/01/18/unique-deal-detain-migrants-nets-eloy-money/21969817/ (accessed April 15, 2015).Google Scholar
Hasenfeld, Yeheskel, and Brock, Thomas. 1991. “Implementation and Social Policy Revisited.” Administration & Society 22 (4): 451–79..CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hilbe, Joseph M. 2014. Modeling Count Data. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, Michael, and Hupe, Peter. 2002. Implementing Public Policy. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Hopkins, Daniel J. 2010. “Politicized Places: Explaining Where and When Immigrants Provoke Local Opposition.” American Political Science Review 104 (1): 40–60..CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaeger, Jillian. forthcoming “The Price of Immigration Enforcement: Intergovernmental Service Agreements, Detention Profits, and the Human Cost.” Working Paper. Available upon request from author.Google Scholar
Jones, Robert E., and Dunlap, Riley E.. 1992. “The Social Bases of Environmental Concern: Have They Changed Over Time?” Rural Sociology 57 (1): 28–47..CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kagan, Michael. 2015. “Immigration Law's Looming Fourth Amendment Problem.” Georgetown Law Journal 104:125–170.Google Scholar
Keiser, Lael R., and Soss, Joe. 1998. “With Good Cause: Bureaucratic Discretion and the Politics of Child Support Enforcement.” American Journal of Political Science 42 (4): 1133–56..CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, Gary, and Roberts, Margaret E.. 2015. “How Robust Standard Errors Expose Methodological Problems They Do Not Fix, and What to Do About It.” Political Analysis 23:159–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirkham, Chris. 2012. “Private Prisons Profit from Immigration Crackdown, Federal and Local Law Enforcement Partnerships.” Huffington Post, June 7. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/07/private-prisons-immigration-federal-law-enforcement_n_1569219.html (accessed April 5, 2015).Google Scholar
Laufenberg, Scott D. 1998. “The Struggle of Cities to Implement the Safe Drinking Water Act in the Context of Intergovernmental Relations.” Drake Journal of Agricultural Law 3:495–546.Google Scholar
Lipsky, Michael. 1980. Street-Level Bureaucracy. New York: Russell Sage.Google Scholar
Management & Training Corporation. 2015. “Locations: North America.” http://www.mtc-trains.com/locations (accessed April 5, 2015).Google Scholar
Mazmanian, Daniel A., and Sabatier, Paul A.. 1983. Implementation and Public Policy. Glenview: Scott, Foresman.Google Scholar
McGuire, Michael. 2006. “Collaborative Public Management: Assessing What We Know and How We Know It.” Public Administration Review 66 (s1): 33–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLaughlin, Milbrey Wallin, and Talbert, Joan E.. 2001. Professional Communities and the Work of High School Teaching. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Meier, Kenneth J., and O'Toole, Laurence J.. 2006. “Political Control versus Bureaucratic Values: Reframing the Debate.” Public Administration Review 66 (2): 177–92..CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meuleman, Bart, Davidov, Eldad, and Billiet, Jaak. 2009. “Changing Attitudes toward Immigration in Europe, 2002–2007: A Dynamic Group Conflict Theory Approach.” Social Science Research 38 (2): 352–65..CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miles, Thomas J., and Cox, Adam B.. 2014. “Does Immigration Enforcement Reduce Crime? Evidence from Secure Communities.” Journal of Law & Economics 57 (4): 937–73..CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Conference of State Legislatures. 2014. “In-State Tuition and Unauthorized Immigrant Students.” http://www.ncsl.org/research/immigration/in-state-tuition-andunauthorized-immigrants.aspx (accessed September 15, 2015).Google Scholar
National Conference of State Legislatures. 2015. “2014 Immigration Report.” http://www.ncsl.org/research/immigration/2014-immigration-report.aspx (accessed April 20, 2015).Google Scholar
Newman, Benjamin J., Johnston, Christopher D., Strickland, April A., and Citrin, Jack. 2012. “Immigration Crackdown in the American Workplace: Explaining Variation in E-Verify Policy Adoption across the U.S. States.” State Politics & Policy Quarterly 12 (2): 160–82..CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Office of Management and Budget. 2014. “Department of Homeland Security: Departmental Management and Operations 2015.” http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BUDGET-2015-APP/pdf/BUDGET-2015-APP-1-11.pdf (accessed May 12, 2015).Google Scholar
O'Toole, Laurence J. 2000. “Research on Policy Implementation: Assessment and Prospects.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 10 (2): 263–88..CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Passel, Jeffrey S., and Cohn, D'Vera. 2011. “Unauthorized Immigrant Population: National and State Trends, 2010.” Pew Hispanic Center. http://www.pewhispanic.org/files/reports/133.pdf (accessed September 22, 2015).Google Scholar
Pollans, Margot J. 2015. “The Safe Drinking Water/Food Law Nexus.” Pace Environmental Law Review 32 (2): 501–10..Google Scholar
Ramakrishnan, S. Karthick, and Wong, Tom. 2010. “Partisanship, Not Spanish: Explaining Municipal Ordinances Affecting Undocumented Immigrants.” Pp. 73–96. In Taking Local Control: Immigration Policy Activism in U.S. Cities and States, ed. Monica, Varsanyi. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Ray, Marcella R., and Conlan, Timothy J.. 1996. “At What Price? Costs of Federal Mandates since the 1980s.” State & Local Government Review 28 (1): 7–16..Google Scholar
Schneider, Keith. 1993. “How a Rebellion over Environmental Rules Grew From a Patch of Weeds.” New York Times, March 24. http://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/24/us/how-a-rebellion-over-environmental-rules-grew-from-a-patch-of-weeds.html?pagewanted=all (accessed Sept. 25th, 2015).Google Scholar
Scholz, John T., and Wei, Feng Heng. 1986. “Regulatory Enforcement in a Federalist System.” American Political Science Review 80 (4): 1249–70..CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shahani, Aarti. 2010. “New York City Enforcement of Immigration Detainers: Preliminary Findings.” Justice Strategies. http://www.justicestrategies.org/sites/default/files/publications/JusticeStrategies-DrugDeportations-PrelimFindings.pdf (accessed April 3, 2015).Google Scholar
Shapiro, Susan P. 2005. “Agency Theory.” Annual Review of Sociology 31:263–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spillane, James P., Reiser, Brian J., and Reimer, Todd. 2002. “Policy Implementation and Cognition: Reframing and Refocusing Implementation Research.” Review of Educational Research 72 (3): 387–431..CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoker, Robert. 1991. Reluctant Partners: Implementing Federal Policy. Pittsburg: University of Pittsburg Press.Google Scholar
Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse. 2015. “Average Time Pending Cases Have Been Waiting in Immigration Courts as of March 2015.” http://trac.syr.edu/phptools/immigration/court_backlog/apprep_backlog_avgdays.php (accessed May 12, 2015).Google Scholar
U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 2014. “State Construction Activity as a Percentage of State GDP, 2012.” http://www.abc.org/Portals/1/Documents/CheifEconomist/State%20Construction%20Share%20of%20Real%20GDP.pdf (accessed September 23, 2015).Google Scholar
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2011. “Labor Force Data by County, 2011 Annual Averages.” http://www.bls.gov/lau/laucnty11.txt (accessed April 20, 2015)..Google Scholar
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2010a. “Selected Social Characteristics in the United States. Table DP02.” Generated using American FactFinder. http://factfinder2.census.gov (accessed January 1, 2016).Google Scholar
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2010b. “U.S. Hispanic Population by County, 1980–2011.” http://www.pewhispanic.org/2013/08/29/u-s-hispanic-population-by-county-1980-2011/ (accessed February 21, 2015).Google Scholar
U.S. Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates Program. 2013. “Poverty and Median Household Income Estimates, 2013.” http://www.census.gov/did/www/saipe/data/statecounty/data/2013.html (accessed February 27, 2015).Google Scholar
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. 2010. Racial Profiling and the Use of Suspect Classifications in Law Enforcement Policy. 111th Cong., 2nd sess., June 17.Google Scholar
U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2010. “Farm Income and Wealth Statistics.” http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/farm-income-and-wealth-statistics/annual-cash-receipts-by-com-modity.aspx (accessed September 16, 2015).Google Scholar
U.S. Department of Justice. 2008. Census of State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.Google Scholar
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. 2011. “Detention Management.” http://www.ice.gov/factsheets/detention-management (accessed April 15, 2015).Google Scholar
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. 2015. “ICE's Use of IDENT/IAFIS Interoperability: Outcome Metrics by County.” https://www.ice.gov/sites/default/files/documents/FOIA/2015/sc_stats_YTD2015.pdf (accessed March 3, 2015).Google Scholar
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. n.d.-a. “FOIA Library: 287(g)—Memorandums of Agreement/Understanding.” https://www.ice.gov/foia/library (accessed March 3, 2015).Google Scholar
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. n.d.-b. “Secure Communities: Overview.” http://www.ice.gov/secure-communities (accessed April 15, 2015).Google Scholar
Weiland, Paul S. 1998. “Unfunded Environmental Mandates: Causes, Burdens, and Benefits.” Harvard Environmental Law Review 22:283–311.Google Scholar
Weissert, Carol S. 1994. “Beyond the Organization: The Influence of Community and Personal Values on Street-Level Bureaucrats' Responsiveness.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 4 (2): 225–54..Google Scholar
Zingher, Joshua N. 2014. “The Ideological and Electoral Determinants of Laws Targeting Undocumented Migrants in U.S. States.” State Politics & Policy Quarterly 14 (1): 90–117..CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: PDF

Jaeger supplementary material

Appendix

Download Jaeger supplementary material(PDF)
PDF 159.5 KB