Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T19:36:49.825Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory – Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ) and its Relationship with Everyday Behaviors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 February 2022

Milena Contreras Open the ORCID record for Milena Contreras [Opens in a new window] ,
Marcos Cupani Open the ORCID record for Marcos Cupani [Opens in a new window]  and
Philip Corr Open the ORCID record for Philip Corr [Opens in a new window]
Milena Contreras*
Affiliation:
University of East Anglia (UK) Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (Argentina)
Marcos Cupani
Affiliation:
Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (Argentina) (IIPsi-CONICET) Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina)
Philip Corr
Affiliation:
City, University of London (UK)
*
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Milena Contreras. University of East Anglia. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Queens Building University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park. NR4 7TJNorwich (UK). Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This study aimed to adapt and validate the Spanish version of the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory–Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ; Corr & Cooper, 2016) and to demonstrate how RST constructs are associated with a variety of everyday behaviors. To achieve this goal, three studies have been conducted. In Study 1, a direct translation of the items from English to Spanish was pilot-tested in a sample of 139 students and a descriptive analysis of items was conducted. Moreover, a reverse translation and comparison between the two English versions were carried out by the lead author of the original questionnaire and the items were refined accordingly. In Study 2, the questionnaire’s internal structure was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and the predictive validity was assessed using the Criterion Set of Act Clusters in a sample of 1,281 participants. Finally, a study of convergent validity with other measures of personality was performed in Study 3 with 190 participants. The obtained results suggested that the RST-PQ has adequate psychometric properties and the convergent validity results with other personality measures replicate findings from previous research. Having a Spanish language version of the RST-PQ is important, not only to advance RST research but also to demonstrate that this theoretical approach contributes to the prediction and explanation of different behaviors whether they are healthy or pathological ones.

Keywords

approachavoidancegoal conflictReinforcement Sensitivity TheoryRST-PQ
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 25 , 2022 , e8
Copyright
© Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Funding Statement: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

Conflicts of Interest: None.

References

Adrián-Ventura, J., Costumero, J., Parcet, M. A., & Ávila, C. (2019). Linking personality and brain anatomy: A structural MRI approach to reinforcement sensitivity theory. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 14(3), 329–338. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsz011CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bogg, T., & Roberts, B. W. (2004). Conscientiousness and health behaviors: A meta-analysis of the leading behavioral contributors to mortality. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 887–919. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.130.6.887CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carver, C. S., & White, T. L. (1994). Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 319–333. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.67.2.319CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Contreras, M. L., & Cupani, M. (2015, August 26–28). Estudios preliminares de adaptación de la Escala de Actividades Recreativas de Goldberg [Preliminary adaptation studies of the Goldberg Interest-Related Activities Scale] [Poster presentation]. XV Reunión Nacional y IV Encuentro Internacional de la Asociación Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento. Tucumán, Argentina.Google Scholar
Corr, P. J. (2009). The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality. In Corr, P. J. & Matthews, G. (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of personality psychology (pp. 347–376). Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corr, P. J. (2015). Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality Questionnaires: Structural survey with recommendations. Personality and Individual Differences, 89, 60–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.09.045CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corr, P. J., & Cooper, A. J. (2016). The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ): Development and validation. Psychological Assessment, 28, 1427–1440. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000273CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Corr, P. J., DeYoung, C. G., & McNaughton, N. (2013). Motivation and personality: A neuropsychological perspective. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 7, 158–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12016CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corr, P. J., & Krupic, D. (2017). Motivating personality: Approach, avoidance, and their conflict. In Elliot, A. J. (Ed.), Advances in motivation science (Vol. 4, pp. 39–90). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.adms.2017.02.003Google Scholar
Cross, C. P., Copping, L. T., & Campbell, A. (2011). Sex differences in impulsivity: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 137(1), 97–130. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021591CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cupani, M., & Lorenzo-Seva, U. (2016). The development of an alternative IPIP inventory measuring the Big-Five factor markers in an Argentine sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 91, 40–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.11.051CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eriksson, L. J. K., Jansson, B., & Sundin, O. (2018). Psychometric properties of a Swedish version of the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality Questionnaire. Nordic Psychology, 71(2), 134–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2018.1516563CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flora, D. B., & Curran, P. J. (2004). An empirical evaluation of alternative methods of estimation for confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data. Psychological Methods, 9, 466–491. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.9.4.466CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldberg, L. R. (1999). A broad-bandwidth, public-domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several Five-Factor models. In Mervielde, I., Deary, I., De Fruyt, F., & Ostendorf, F. (Eds.), Personality Psychology in Europe (Vol. 7, pp. 7–28). Tilburg University Press.Google Scholar
Garatea Grau, C. (2006). Pluralidad de normas en el español de América [Plurality of norms in American Spanish]. Revista Internacional de Lingüística Iberoamericana, 4(7)141–158.Google Scholar
George, S. M., Connor, J. P., Gullo, M. J., & Young, R. M. D. (2010). A prospective study of personality features predictive of early adolescent alcohol misuse. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(3), 204–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.03.036CrossRefGoogle Scholar
George, D., & Mallery, M. (2011). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference 18.0 Update (11th Ed.). Allyn & Bacon.Google Scholar
Gray, J. A. (1982). The neuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry into the functions of the septo-hippocampal system. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gray, J. A., & McNaughton, N. (2000). The neuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry into the functions of the septo-hippocampal system. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Grucza, R. A., & Goldberg, L. R. (2007). The comparative validity of 11 modern personality inventories: Predictions of behavioral acts, informant reports, and clinical indicators. Journal of Personality Assessment, 89, 167–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890701468568CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horn, J. L. (1965). A rationale and test for the number of factors in a factor analysis. Psychometrika, 30, 179–185. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02289447CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ivory, N. J., & Kambouropoulos, N. (2012). Coping mediates the relationship between revised reinforcement sensitivity and alcohol use. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 822–827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.01.013CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, C. J. (2009). Jackson–5 scales of revised reinforcement sensitivity theory (r-RST) and their application to dysfunctional real world outcomes. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 556–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2009.02.007CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kashdan, T. B., & Roberts, J. E. (2006). Affective outcomes in superficial and intimate interactions: Roles of social anxiety and curiosity. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 140–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2004.10.005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kimbrel, N. A., Cobb, A. R., Mitchell, J. T., Hundt, N. E., & Nelson-Gray, R. O. (2008). Sensitivity to punishment and low maternal care account for the link between bulimic and social anxiety symptomology. Eating Behaviors, 9, 210–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2007.09.005CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kimbrel, N. A., Mitchell, J. T., & Nelson-Gray, R. O. (2010). An examination of the relationship between behavioral approach system (BAS) sensitivity and social interaction anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24, 372–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.02.002CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krupić, D., Corr, P. J., Ručević, S., Križanić, V., & Gračanin, A. (2016). Five reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) of personality questionnaires: Comparison, validity and generalization. Personality and Individual Differences, 97, 19–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.03.012CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leibovich de Figueroa, N. (1991). Ansiedad: Algunas concepciones teóricas y su evaluación [Anxiety: Some theoretical conceptions and their evaluation]. In Casullo, M. M., de Figueroa, N. B. Leibovich, & Aszkenazi, M. (Eds.), Teoría y técnicas de evaluación psicológica [Theory and techniques of psychological assessment]. Psicoteca Editorial.Google Scholar
Lorenzo-Seva, U., & Ferrando, P. J. (2006). FACTOR: A computer program to fit the exploratory factor analysis model. Behavioral Research Methods, 38(1), 88–91. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03192753CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martinez, M. V., Zalazar-Jaime, M. F., Pilatti, A., & Cupani, M. (2012). Adaptación del Cuestionario de Personalidad BIS BAS IPIP a una muestra de estudiantes argentinos y su relación con patrones de consumo de alcohol [Adaptation of the IPIP-BIS/BAS-Personality Questionnaire to an Argentinean sample of college students and analysis of its relationship to alcohol consumption patterns]. Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 30(2) 304–316.Google Scholar
McAdams, K. K., & Donnellan, M. B. (2009). Facets of personality and drinking in first-year college students. Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 207–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.09.028CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mount, M. K., Barrick, M. R., Scullen, S. M., & Rounds, J. (2005). Higher‐order dimensions of the big five personality traits and the big six vocational interest types. Personnel Psychology, 58(2), 447–478. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2005.00468.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998–2010). Mplus user’s guide (6th Ed.). Muthén & Muthén.Google Scholar
Pilatti, A., Urrizaga, A., Chincolla, A., & Cupani, M. (2014). Facetas de personalidad relacionadas con el consumo elevado de alcohol en estudiantes universitarios [Personality facets related to high alcohol consumption in university students]. Perspectivas en Psicología, 11, 42–52.Google Scholar
Pugnaghi, G., Cooper, A., Ettinger, U., & Corr, P. J. (2018). The psychometric properties of the German Language Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory-Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ). Journal of Individual Differences, 39, 182–190. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000262CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pulido Rull, M. A., Rivera Fong, L., Fondón Mora, A., & Vázquez Pérez, P. (2016). Propiedades psicométricas de la escala BIS/BAS en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios Mexicanos [Psychometric properties of the BIS/BAS Scale in a Mexican universitystudent sample]. Enseñanza e Investigación en Psicología, 21(3), 300–310.Google Scholar
Reuter, M., Cooper, A. J., Smillie, L. D., Markett, S., & Montag, C. (2015). A new measure for the revised reinforcement sensitivity theory: Psychometric criteria and genetic validation. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 9, Article 38. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2015.00038CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shrive, F. M., Stuart, H., Quan, H., & Ghali, W. A. (2006). Dealing with missing data in a multi-question depression scale: A comparison of imputation methods. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 6, Article 57. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-6-57CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smederevac, S., Mitrović, D., Čolović, P., & Nikolašević, Z. (2014). Validation of the measure of revised reinforcement sensitivity theory constructs. Journal of Individual Differences, 35, 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000121CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smillie, L. D., Cooper, A. J., Wilt, J., & Revelle, W. (2012). Do extraverts get more bang for the buck? Refining the affective-reactivity hypothesis of extraversion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103, 306–326. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028372CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, G. T., & Anderson, K. G. (2001). Personality and learning factors to create risk for adolescent problem drinking. In Monti, P. M., Colby, S. M., & O´Leary, T. A. (Eds.), Adolescents, alcohol, and substance abuse (pp. 109–141). Guilford.Google Scholar
Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. E. (1970). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Self-Evaluation Questionnaire). Consulting Psychologists Press.Google Scholar
Torrubia, R., Ávila, C., Moltó, J., & Caseras, X. (2001). The sensitivity to punishment and sensitivity reward questionnaire (SPSRQ) as a measure of Gray’s anxiety and impulsivity dimensions. Personality and Individual Differences, 31, 837–862. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00183-5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2011). Using multivariate statistics (6th Ed.). Pearson.Google Scholar
Vaiman, M., & Pereno, G. L. (2014, December 3-5). Estudios preliminares de la Validación del Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo (STAI) en adultos mayores de la ciudad de Córdoba [Preliminary studies of the Validation of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) in older adults in the city of Córdoba] [Poster presentation]. IV Congreso Marplatense de Psicología. Mar del Plata, Argentina.Google Scholar
Wallace, J. F., & Newman, J. P. (2008). RST and psychopathy: Associations between psychopathy and the behavioral activation and inhibition systems. In Corr, P. J. (Ed.), The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Walker, B. R., & Jackson, C. J. (2014). How the five factor model and revised reinforcement sensitivity theory predict divergent thinking. Personality and Individual Differences, 57, 54–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.09.011CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walton, K. E., & Roberts, B. W. (2004). On the relationship between substance use and personality traits: Abstainers are not maladjusted. Journal of Research in Personality, 38, 515–535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2004.01.002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wytykowska, A., Fajkowska, M., Domaradzka, E., & Jankowskic, K. S. (2017). Construct validity of the Polish version of the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory-Personality Questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences, 109, 172–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.12.054CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, C. Y. (2002). Evaluating cutoff criteria of model fit indices for latent variable models with binary and continuous outcomes. [Doctoral dissertation, University of California]. CiteSeerx. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.310.3956Google Scholar
Zinbarg, R. E., & Lira Yoon, K. (2008). RST and clinical disorders: Anxiety and depression. In Corr, P. J. (Ed.), The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality (pp. 360–397). Cambridge University Press. http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511819384.013CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Contreras et al. supplementary material

Contreras et al. supplementary material

Download Contreras et al. supplementary material(File)
File 85.6 KB