Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T07:15:52.141Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Parenting Cultural Models of a Group of Mothers from Rio de Janeiro

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2013

Maria Lucia Seidl-de-Moura ,
Tatiana Targino Alves Bandeira ,
Katia Nahum Campos ,
Edilaine Moreno da Cruz ,
Gabriela dos Santos Amaral  and
Renata Gomes da Costa de Marca
Maria Lucia Seidl-de-Moura*
Affiliation:
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
Tatiana Targino Alves Bandeira
Affiliation:
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
Katia Nahum Campos
Affiliation:
Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
Edilaine Moreno da Cruz
Affiliation:
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
Gabriela dos Santos Amaral
Affiliation:
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
Renata Gomes da Costa de Marca
Affiliation:
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
*
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Maria Lucia Seidl-de-Moura. Professor Titular. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Rua Fritz Feigl, 465, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22750–600 (Brazil). E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Developmental contexts have been studied in terms of systems of beliefs and practices, treated as part of general cultural models. This paper aims to describe aspects of parenting cultural models of a group of 200 primiparous Brazilian mothers from Rio de Janeiro, who had children less than 44 months old. Mothers answered the Socialization Goals Interview (SGI), and an adapted version of an inventory of beliefs about practices of care, developed by M. Suizzo. Answers to the SGI were coded in five categories and their subcategories: Self-maximization (SM), Self-control (SC), Lovingness (L), Proper demeanor (PD) and Decency (D), and scores in each of them were calculated. A factor analysis indicated three dimensions of mothers' beliefs about practices: Awaking and exposing the child to diverse stimuli (Stimulation), ensuring the Proper presentation of the child and Responding to and bonding to the child. Data was further analyzed in terms of subcategories of SM and D and of the relation to the factors mothers' educational level and sex of their child. Results showed that mothers from Rio de Janeiro share a cultural model of autonomy for their children, but that they also believe in the importance of their relationship to others.

Se han estudiado contextos evolutivos en términos de sistemas de creencias y prácticas, tratados como parte de los modelos culturales generales. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir algunos aspectos de los modelos culturales de crianza en un grupo de madres brasileñas de Rió de Janeiro, con niños menores de 44 meses de edad. Las madres completaron la Socialization Goals Interview (SGI) y una versión adaptada de un inventario de creencias sobre las prácticas de cuidados, desarrollado por M. Suizzo. Se codificaron las respuestas al SGI en cinco categorías y sus subcategorías: Auto-maximización (SM), Autocontrol (SC), Amorosidad (L), Comportamiento apropiado (PD) y Decencia (D) y se calcularon puntuaciones de cada una. Un análisis factorial reveló tres dimensiones de las creencias de las madres sobre las prácticas de: Despertar y exponer al niño a diversos estímulos (Estimulación), asegurando la adecuada presentación del niño y respondiendo a y estableciendo un vínculo con el niño. Además se analizaron los datos en términos de SM y de D y de la relación con los factores Nivel educacional de la madre y Sexo del niño. Los resultados mostraron que las madres de Rió de Janeiro comparten un modelo cultural de autonomía para sus niños, pero que también creen en la importancia de sus relaciones con los demás.

Keywords

parenting cultural modelsbeliefs and practicesautonomyinterdependencemodelos culturales de crianzacreencias y prácticasautonomíainterdependencia
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 12 , Issue 2 , November 2009 , pp. 506 - 517
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aizpurúa, R. I.; Jablonski, B.; Féres-Carneiro, T. (2007). Familias Brasileras y Argentinas: Entre la Tradición y la Modernidad. [Brazilian and Argentinean families: Between tradition and modernity], Revista Interamericana de Psicología/Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 41(2), 189–196.Google Scholar
Biasoli-Alves, Z. M. M. (1997). Famílias Brasileiras do século XX: os valores e as práticas de educação [Brazilian families in the 20th century: educational values and practices]. Temas de Psicologia, Ribeirão Preto, 2(4), 33–49.Google Scholar
Biasoli-Alves, Z. M. M. (2002). A questão da disciplina na prática de educação da criança, no Brasil, ao longo do século XX [The question of discipline in child education practices in Brazil throughout the 20th century]. Veritati, 2,(2), 243–259.Google Scholar
Citlak, R.; Leyendecker, B.; Schölmerich, A.; Driessen, R.& Harwood, R. L. (2008). Socialization goals among first- and second-generation migrant Turkish and German mothers. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 32(1), 57–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, M. (1998). Cultural psychology: a once and future discipline. Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Dancey, C. P.& Reidy, J. (2006). Estatística sem matemática para psicologia [Statistics without math for psychology]. Porto Alegre: Artmed.Google Scholar
Dasen, P. R.& Mishra, R. C. (2000). Cross-cultural views on human development in the third millennium. International Journal of Behavior Development, 2 (4), 428–434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dessen, M. A., & Torres, C. V. (2002). Family and socialization factors in Brazil: An overview. In Lonner, W. J., Dinnel, D. L., Hayes, S. A., & Sattler, D. N. (Eds.), Online Readings in Psychology and Culture (Unit 13, Chapter 2), Center for Cross-Cultural Research, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington USA. Available in: http://www.wwu.edu/~culture.Google Scholar
Goodnow, J. J. (1988) Parents Ideas, Actions, and Feelings: Models and Methods from Developmental and Social Psychology. Child Development, 59, 286–320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harkness, S.& Super, C. M. (1996). Parents' cultural beliefs systems: their origins, expressions, and consequences. Introduction (pp.1–23). New York: The Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Harkness, S.& Super, C. M. (2005). Themes and variations: Parental ethnotheories in Western cultures. In Rubin, K.H. & Chung, O.-B. (Ed.), Parental beliefs, parenting, and child development in cross-cultural perspective (pp. 61–79). New York: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Harkness, S., Super, C. M., Axia, V. A. E., Palacios, J.& Welles-Nyström, B. (2001). Cultural pathways to successful parenting. International Society for the Study of Behavior Development Newsletter, 38, 9–11.Google Scholar
Harkness, S., Super, C. M., Moscardino, U., Rha, J., Blom, M., Huitrón, B., Johnston, C., Sutherland, M. A., Hyun, o., Axia, G., Palacios, J. (2007). Cultural models and developmental agendas: Implications for arousal and self-regulation in early infancy. Journal of Developmental Processes, 2(1), 6–40.Google Scholar
Harwood, R. L. (1992). The influence of culturally derived values on Anglo and Puerto Rican mothers' perceptions of attachment behavior. Child Development, 63, 822–839.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harwood, R. (2006). SGI coding & subcategories. Unpublished manual.Google Scholar
Harwood, R. L., Schoelmerich, A., Schulze, P. A.& Gozalez, Z. (1999). Cultural differences in maternal beliefs and behaviors: a study of middle-class Anglo and Puerto Rican mother-infant pairs in four everyday situations. Child Development, 70, 805–816.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harwood, R. L., Schoelmerich, A., Ventura-Cook, E., Schulze, P. A.& Wilson, S. P. (1996). Culture and class influences on Anglo and Puerto Rican mothers' beliefs regarding long-term socialization goals and child behavior. Child Development, 67, 2446–2461.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
IBGE (2000). Censo Demográfico — 2000. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística [Brazilian census. Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics]. (Retrieved July 13, 2007), from http://www.ibge.gov.br.Google Scholar
IBGE (2007). Estatísticas do século XX. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. [Statistics of the 20th century. Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics] (Retrieved July 13, 2007), from http://www.ibge.gov.br.Google Scholar
Kagitçibasi, Ç. (1996). The autonomous-relational self: a new synthesis. European Psychologist, (3), 180–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kagitçibasi, Ç. (2005). Autonomy and relatedness in cultural context: Implications for self and family. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36, 403–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, H. (2007). Cultures of infancy. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Keller, H., Abels, M.; Borke, J.; Lamm, B.; Su, W. L. Y.; Wang, Y. (2008). Socialization environments of Chinese and Euro-American middle-class babies: Parenting behaviors, verbal discourses and ethnotheories. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 31(3), 210–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, H., Borke, J., Yovsi, R., Lohaus, A.& Jensen, H. (2005). Cultural orientations and historical changes as predictions of parenting behavior. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29(3), 229–237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, H., Demuth, C., & Yovsi, R. D. (2008). The multi-voicedness of independence and interdependence: The case of the Cameroonian Nso. Culture & Psychology, 14(1), 115–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, H., Hentschel, E., Yovsi, R. D., Lamm, B., Abels, M.& Haas, V. (2004). The psycho-linguistic embodiment of parental ethnotheories: A new avenue to understanding cultural processes in parental reasoning. Culture and Psychology, 10 (3), 293–330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, H., Lamm, B., Abels, M., Yovsi, R., Borke, J., Jensen, H., Papaligoura, Z., Holub, C., Lo, W., Tomiyama, A. J., Su, Y., Wang, Y.& Chaudhary, N. (2006). Cultural Models, Socialization Goals, and Parenting Ethnotheories: A Multicultural Analysis. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 37 (2), 155–172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leyendecker, B., Harwood, R. L., Lamb, M. E.& Sholmerich, A. (2002). Mothers' socialization goals and evaluations of desirable and undesirable everyday situations in two diverse cultural groups. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 26(3), 248–258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lordelo, E.R., Fonseca, A.L.& Araújo, M.L.V.B. (2000). Responsividade do ambiente de desenvolvimento: crenças e práticas como sistema cultural de criação de filhos. [Responsiveness of the developmental environment: beliefs and practices as a cultural system of childrearing] Psicologia Reflexão & Crítica, 13(1), 73–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, S. A., Manhal, M.& Mee, L. L. (1991). Parental beliefs, parental accuracy, and children's cognitive performance: A search for causal relations. Developmental Psychology, 27(2), 267–276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, S. A.& Harwood, R. L. (2001). Long-term socialization goals and the construction of infants' social networks among middle class Anglo and Puerto Rican mothers. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 25(5), 450–457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piovanotti, M. R. (2007). Metas de socialização infantil e crenças sobre práticas de cuidado parental de mães primíparas. [Socialization goals and beliefs about practice of primiparous mothers]. Unpublished Master's thesis, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.Google Scholar
Ribas, R. C. Jr., Seidl-de-Moura, M. L.& Bornstein, M. C. (2003). Socioeconomic status in Brazilian psychological research: II. Socioeconomic status and parenting knowledge. Estudos de Psicologia, 8(3), 385–392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rocha-Coutinho, M. L. (2005). Variaçõ´es sobre um antigo tema: a maternidade para mulheres com uma carreira profissional bem-sucedida. [Variations about an old theme: Maternity for women with a successful professional career] In: Feres-Carneiro, T. (Ed.). Família e casal: efeitos da contemporaneidade [Family and couple: Effects of contemporary times] (pp.122–137). Rio de Janeiro: Ed. PUC-Rio.Google Scholar
Rocha-Coutinho, M. L. (2007). Família e emprego: conflitos e expectativas de mulheres executivas e de mulheres com um trabalho [Family and jobs: conflicts and expectancies of executive mothers and mothers with a different job]. Em: Feres-Carneiro, T.. (Ed.). Família e casal: saúde, trabalho e modos de vinculação (pp.157–180) [Family and couple: Health, work and ways of bonding]. Rio de Janeiro: Ed. PUC-Rio.Google Scholar
Ruela, S. F. (2006). Um estudo intergeracional de crenças valorizadas por mães em uma comunidade rural do estado do Rio de Janeiro [An intergeracional study about mothers' valued beliefs in a rural community in Rio de Janeiro]. Unpublished Master's thesis, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Google Scholar
Seidl-de-Moura, M. L., Ribas, R. C. Jr., Piccinini, C. A., Bastos, A. C. S, Magalhães, C. M. C, Vieira, M. L., Salomão, N. M. R., Silva, A. M. P. M.& Silva, A. K. (2004). Conhecimento sobre desenvolvimento infantil em mães primíparas de diferentes centros urbanos do Brasil [Primiparous mothers' knowledge about child development in different Brazilian urban centers]. Estudos de Psicologia, 9(3), 421–429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seidl-de-Moura, M. L., Lordelo, E., Vieira, M. L., Piccinnini, C. A., Siqueira, J. e Magalhães, O. Pontes, C. M. C., Salomão, F. A. R., N. M., & Rimoli, A. Brazilian mothers' socialization goals: Intracultural differences in seven cities. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 32(6), 465–472..CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seidl-de-Moura, M. L., Ribas, A. F. P., Seabra, K. da C., Pessoa, L. F., Nogueira, S. E., Mendes, D. M. L. F., Rocha, S. B., Vicente, C. C. (2008). Interações mãe-bebê de um e cinco meses: aspectos afetivos, complexidade e sistemas parentais predominantes [Mother-infant (one and five months) interactions: affective aspects, complexity and predominant parental systems]. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 21(1), 66–73.Google Scholar
Suizzo, M. A. (2002). French parents' cultural models and childrearing beliefs. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 26, 297–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vieira, M. L.; Seidl-de-Moura, M. L.; Lordelo, E.; Piccinnini, C. A.; Martins, G. D. F.; Macarini, S. M.; Moncorvo, M. C.; Pontes, F.; Magalhães, C. M.; Salomão, N. M. R.& Rimoli, A. Mother's beliefs about childrearing practices in seven Brazilian cities. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, accepted for publication.Google Scholar