Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T07:10:20.456Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Importance of Personality and Parental Styles on Optimism inAdolescents

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 July 2014

Cristian Zanon ,
Micheline Roat Bastianello ,
Juliana Cerentini Pacico  and
Claudio Simon Hutz
Cristian Zanon*
Affiliation:
Universidade São Francisco (Brazil)
Micheline Roat Bastianello
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil)
Juliana Cerentini Pacico
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil)
Claudio Simon Hutz
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil)
*
*Correspondence concerning this articleshould be addressed to Cristian Zanon. Universidade São Francisco.Rua Alexandre Rodrigues Barbosa, 45. Centro, Itatiba - SP Federal (Brazil).+55–5133085246. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Some studies have suggested that personality factors are important to optimismdevelopment. Others have emphasized that family relations are relevant variablesto optimism. This study aimed to evaluate the importance of parenting styles tooptimism controlling for the variance accounted for by personality factors.Participants were 344 Brazilian high school students (44% male) with mean age of16.2 years (SD = 1) who answered personality,optimism, responsiveness and demandingness scales. Hierarchical regressionanalyses were conducted having personality factors (in the first step) andmaternal and paternal parenting styles, and demandingness and responsiveness (inthe second step) as predictive variables and optimism as the criterion.Personality factors, especially neuroticism (β= –.34, p < .01), extraversion(β = .26, p< .01) and agreeableness (β =.16, p < .01), accounted for 34% of the optimismvariance and insignificant variance was predicted exclusively by parental styles(1%). These findings suggest that personality is more important to optimismdevelopment than parental styles.

Keywords

optimismparenting stylesbig fiveadolescent
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 17 , 2014 , E47
Copyright
Copyright © Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bastianello, M. R., Zanon, C., Pacico, J. C., & Hutz, C. S. (2013). Adaptation and validation of the revised life oriented test for Brazilian adolescents. Unpublished Results. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.Google Scholar
Belsky, J. (1984). The determinants of parenting: A process model. Child Development, 55, 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1984.tb00275.x Google Scholar
Ben-Zur, H. (2003). Happy adolescents: The link between subjective well-being, internal resources, and parental factors. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 32, 67–79.Google Scholar
Blanch, A., & Aluja, A. (2011). Personality and job stress: A comparison of direct effects on parenting. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 14, 667–674. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_SJOP.2011.v14.n2.15 Google Scholar
Boland, A., & Cappeliez, P. (1997). Optimism and neuroticism as predictors of coping and adaptation in older women. Personality and Individual Differences, 22, 909–919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(96)00251-6 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brodski, S. K., & Hutz, C. S. (2012). The repercussions of emotional abuse and parenting styles on self-esteem, subjective well-being: A retrospective study with university students in Brazil. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 21, 256–276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2012.666335 Google Scholar
Hutz, C. S., & Nunes, C. H. S. S. (2001). Escala Fatorial de Ajustamento Emocional/Neuroticismo [Factorial Scale of Emotional Adjustmen/Neuroticism]. São Paulo, Brazil: Casa do Psicólogo.Google Scholar
Hutz, C. S., Nunes, C. H. S. S., Silveira, A. D., Serra, J., Anton, M., & Wieczoreck, L. S. (1998). The development of the big five markers for personality assessment in Brazil. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 11, 395–411.Google Scholar
Huver, R. M. E., Otten, R., de Vries, H., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2010). Personality and parenting style in parents of adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 33, 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.07.012 Google Scholar
Jensen-Campbell, L. A., Knack, J., & Rex-Lear, M. (2008). Personality and social relationships. In Corr, P. J. & Matthews, G.. (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of personality (pp. 506–523). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
John, O. P., Naumann, L. P., & Soto, C. J. (2010). Paradigm shift to the integrative big-five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and conceptual issues. In John, O. P., Robins, R. W., & Pervin, L. A. (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp. 114–158). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Johnson, M. M. (1998). Applying a modified situational leadership model to residential group care settings. Child & Youth Care Forum, 27, 383–398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02589263 Google Scholar
Karademas, E. C. (2006). Self-efficacy, social support and well-being: The mediating role of optimism. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 1281–1290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.10.019 Google Scholar
Lai, J. C. L. (2009). Dispositional optimism buffers the impact of daily hassles on mental health in Chinese adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 247–249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.03.007 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lamborn, S. D., Mounts, N. S., Steinberg, L., & Dornbusch, S. M. (1991). Patterns of competence and adjustment among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, neglectful families. Child Development, 62, 1049–1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1131151 Google Scholar
Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent–child interaction. In Mussen, P. H. & Heatherington, E. M. (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Socialization, personality, and social development (pp. 535–585). New York, NY: Wiley.Google Scholar
Marshall, G. N., Wortman, C. B., Kusulas, J. W., Hervig, L. K., & Vickers, R. R. (1992). Distinguishing optimism from pessimism: Relations to fundamental dimensions of mood and personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 1067–1074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.62.6.1067 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCrae, R. R., & John, O. P. (1992). An introduction to the five-factor model and its applications. Journal of Personality, 60, 175–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00970.x Google Scholar
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. J. (2010). The five-factor theory of personality. In John, O. P., Robins, R. W. & Pervin, L. A., (Eds). Handbook of personality: Theory and research. (3 rd Ed., pp. 159–181). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Milligan, M. (2003). Optimism and the five-factor model of personality, coping, and health behavior. Dissertation Abstracts International, 64, 5830.Google Scholar
Nunes, C. H. S. S., & Hutz, C. S. (2006). Development and validation of an extraversion scale in the Big Five Personality model. Psico-USF, 11, 147–155.Google Scholar
Nunes, C. H. S. S., & Hutz, C. S. (2007). Development and validation of an agreeableness scale in the Big Five personality model. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 20, 20–25.Google Scholar
Nunes, C. H. S. S., Hutz, C. S., & Nunes, M. F. O. (2010). Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade [Factorial Personality Battery]. São Paulo, Brazil: Casa do Psicólogo.Google Scholar
Orejudo, S., Puyuelo, M., Fernández-Turrado, T., & Ramos, T. (2012). Optimism in adolescence: A cross-sectional study of the influence of family and peer group variables on junior high school students. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 812–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.01.012 Google Scholar
Pacico, J. C., Zanon, C., Bastianello, M. R., & Hutz, C. S. (2011). Adaptation and validation of the hope index for Brazilian adolescents. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 24, 666–670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-79722011000400006 Google Scholar
Peterson, C. (2000). The future of optimism. American Psychologist, 55, 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0003-066X.55.1.44 Google Scholar
Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1985). Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health Psychology, 4, 219–247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0278-6133.4.3.219 Google Scholar
Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1992). Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being: Theoretical overview and empirical update. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16, 201–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01173489 Google Scholar
Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 1063–1078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.67.6.1063 Google Scholar
Seligman, M. E. P. (1998). Learned optimism. (2 nd Ed.). New York, NY: Pocket Books Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar
Sharpe, J. P., Martin, N. R., & Roth, K. A. (2011). Optimism and the big five factors of personality: Beyond neuroticism and extraversion. Personality and Individual Differences, 51, 946–951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.07.033 Google Scholar
Smith, T. W., Pope, M. K., Rhodewalt, F., & Poulton, J. L. (1989). Optimism, neuroticism, coping, and symptom reports: An alternative interpretation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 640–648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.56.4.640 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Teixeira, M. A. T., Bardagi, M. P., & Gomes, W. B (2004). Improvement of an instrument to assess perceived parental responsiveness and demandingness in adolescence. Avaliação Psicológica, 3, 1–12.Google Scholar
Tellegen, A., Lykken, D. T., Bouchard, T. J., Wilcox, K. J., Segal, N. L., & Rich, S. (1988). Personality similarity in twins reared apart and together. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1031–1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.54.6.1031 Google Scholar
Vasconcellos, S. J. L., & Hutz, C. S. (2008). Development and validation of an openness scale. Avaliação Psicológica, 7, 135–141.Google Scholar
Williams, D. G. (1992). Dispositional optimism, neuroticism, and extraversion. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 475–477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(92)90076-2 CrossRefGoogle Scholar