Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T06:48:05.517Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Explanatory Psychological Factors of Inconsistently Condom Use among Spanish University Students: Gender Differences

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 June 2020

Estefanía Ruiz-Palomino Open the ORCID record for Estefanía Ruiz-Palomino [Opens in a new window] ,
María Dolores Gil-Llario Open the ORCID record for María Dolores Gil-Llario [Opens in a new window] ,
Cristina Giménez-García Open the ORCID record for Cristina Giménez-García [Opens in a new window]  and
Rafael Ballester-Arnal Open the ORCID record for Rafael Ballester-Arnal [Opens in a new window]
Estefanía Ruiz-Palomino*
Affiliation:
Universitat Jaume I (Spain)
María Dolores Gil-Llario
Affiliation:
Universitat de València (Spain)
Cristina Giménez-García
Affiliation:
Universitat Jaume I (Spain)
Rafael Ballester-Arnal
Affiliation:
Universitat Jaume I (Spain)
*
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Estefanía Ruiz-Palomino. Universitat Jaume I. Facultat de Ciències de la Salut. Departament de Psicologia Bàsica, Clinica i Psicobiologia. Av. Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n. 12071 Castelló de la Plana (Spain). E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

More than 50% of Spanish youth does not use of condoms correctly and consistently. University students are a particular population at high risk of the HIV infection, other STIs and unwanted pregnancies. The influence of psychological variables in using of condom is analyzed by gender and type of sexual relationship. A total of 256 females and 168 males were assessed (Mage= 20.62; SD = 2.16). A regression logistic analysis showed that sexual sensation seeking appears as an explanatory variable of inconsistently condom use in both females and males in vaginal intercourse, steady relationship intercourse and sex under the alcohol and other drugs effects (adjusted odds ratio between 1.095 and 1.124). Moreover, self-esteem appears as a risk factor and extraversion as a protective factor of use of condom in females. On the other hand, neuroticism reveals itself as a protective factor and fear of negative evaluation as a risk factor of use of condom in males. It is necessary to know the psychological mechanisms that underlie sexual risk behaviors for adapting interventions to individual and contextual characteristics.

Keywords

condom usegender differencessexual health promotiontype of relationshipsyouth
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 23 , 2020 , e12
Copyright
© Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Área de Vigilancia de VIH y Comportamientos de Riesgo (2018). Vigilancia epidemiológica del VIH y Sida en España 2017: Sistema de información sobre nuevos diagnósticos de VIH y Registro Nacional de Casos de Sida [Epidemiological Surveillance of HIV and AIDS in Spain 2017: Information System on New HIV Diagnoses and National Registry of AIDS Cases]. https://www.mscbs.gob.es/ciudadanos/enfLesiones/enfTransmisibles/sida/vigilancia/doc/InformeVIH_SIDA_2018_21112018.pdfGoogle Scholar
Ballester, R., Gil, M. D., Giménez, C., & Ruiz, E. (2009). Actitudes y conductas sexuales de riesgo para la infección por VIH/SIDA en jóvenes españoles [Attitudes and sexual behaviors of risk for HIV/AIDS infection in Spanish youth]. Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, 14(3), 181–191. https://doi.org/10.5944/rppc.vol.14.num.3.2009.4077Google Scholar
Ballester-Arnal, R., Gil-Llario, M. D., Ruiz-Palomino, E., & Giménez-García, C. (2013). Autoeficacia en la prevención sexual del Sida: La influencia del género [Self-efficacy in AIDS sexual prevention: Influence of gender]. Anales de Psicología/Annals of Psychology, 29(1), 76–82. http://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.29.1.124601Google Scholar
Ballester-Arnal, R., Gómez-Martínez, S., Gil-Llario, M. D., & Salmerón-Sánchez, P. (2013). Sexual Compulsivity Scale: Adaptation and validation in the Spanish population. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 39(6), 526–540. http://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2012.665816CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ballester-Arnal, R., Ruiz-Palomino, E., & Gil-Llario, M. D. (2017). Structural equation modeling test of an integrated model of Spanish youth’s condom use. AIDS & Behavior, 21(5), 1407–1416. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1430-xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ballester-Arnal, R., Ruiz-Palomino, E., Espada-Sánchez, J. P., Morell-Mengual, V., & Gil-Llario, M. D. (2018). Psychometric properties and validation of the Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale in Spanish adolescents: Brief screening method for use in research and clinical practice. Personality and Individual Differences, 122, 47–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.10.006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bellis, M. A., Hughes, K., Calafat, A., Juan, M., Ramon, A., Rodriguez, J. A., Mendes, F., Schnitzer, S., & Phillips-Howard, P. (2008). Sexual uses of alcohol and drugs and the associated health risks: A cross sectional study of young people in nine European cities. BMC Public Health, 8(1), Article 155. http://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-8-155CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brendgen, M., Vitaro, F., Turgeon, L., Poulin, F., & Wanner, B. (2004). Is there a dark side of positive illusions? Overestimation of social competence and subsequent adjustment in aggressive and nonaggressive children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 32, 305–320. http://doi.org/10.1023/B:JACP.0000026144.08470.cdCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castañeiras, Gebrikian, C. E. (2001). Avances en Psicopatologia y Clinica de la hipocondría [Advances in Psychopathology and Clinical of the Hypochondria] (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.Google Scholar
Castro, Á. (2016). Sexual behavior and sexual risks among Spanish university students: A descriptive study of gender and sexual orientation. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 13(1), 84–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-015-0210-0CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cordero, A., Pamos, A., & Seisdedos, N. (2008). NEO PI-R Manual. Adaptación Española [Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) manual. Spanish Adaptation] (3th Ed.). TEA Ediciones.Google Scholar
Davis, K. C., Stappenbeck, C. A., Norris, J., George, W. H., Jacques-Tiura, A. J., Schraufnagel, T. J., & Kajumulo, K. F. (2014). Young men's condom use resistance tactics: A latent profile analysis. The Journal of Sex Research, 51(4), 454–465. http://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2013.776660CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2018). HIV/AIDS surveillance in Europe 2018–2017 data. http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/386959/HIVAIDS-surveillance-in-Europe-2018.pdf?ua=1Google Scholar
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2019a). Chlamydia infection. Annual epidemiological report for 2017. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/AER_for_2017-chlamydia-infection.pdfGoogle Scholar
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2019b). Gonorrhea. Annual epidemiological report for 2017. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/gonorrhoea-annual-epidemiological-report-2017.pdfGoogle Scholar
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2019c). Syphilis. Annual epidemiological report for 2017. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/syphilis-annual-epidemiological-report-2017.pdfGoogle Scholar
Gallego, M. J. (2010). Brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale – Straightforward items (BFNE-S): Psychometric properties in a Spanish population. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 13(2), 981– 989. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1138741600002626Google Scholar
Gil-Llario, M. D., Ruiz-Palomino, E., Ballester-Arnal, R., & Morell-Mengual, V. (2016). Influence of sexual sensation seeking, sexual compulsivity and sexual pleasure in condom use among Spanish youth: Implications for HIV interventions. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Care, 1(3), 1–8. http://doi.org/10.14302/issn.2474-3585.jpmc-16-1198CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gil-Llario, M. D., Ruiz-Palomino, E., Morell-Mengual, V., Giménez-García, C., & Ballester-Arnal, R. (2019). Validation of the AIDS Prevention Questionnaire: A brief self-report instrument to assess risk of HIV infection and guide behavioral change. AIDS & Behavior, 23(1), 272–282. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-018-2224-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gullette, D. L., & Lyons, M. A. (2005). Sexual sensation seeking, compulsivity, and HIV risk behaviors in college students. Journal of Community Health Nursing, 22(1), 47–60. http://doi.org/10.1207/s15327655jchn2201_5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hart, T. A., & Heimberg, R. G. (2005). Social anxiety as a risk factor for unprotected intercourse among gay and bisexual male youth. AIDS & Behavior, 9(4), 505–512. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-005-9021-2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Instituto Nacional de Estadística (2003). Encuesta de salud y hábitos sexuales. Informe general [The Spanish National Sexual Health Survey. General report]. https://www.ine.es/ss/Satellite?L=es_ES&c=INEPublicacion_C&cid=1259924965002&p=1254735110672&pagename=ProductosYServicios%2FPYSLayout&param1=PYSDetalleGratuitasGoogle Scholar
Lameiras Fernández, M., Faílde Garrido, J. M., Bimbela Pedrola, J. L., & Alfaro Oliver, N. (2008). Uso del preservativo masculino en las relaciones con coito vaginal de jóvenes españoles entre catorce y veinticuatro años [Use of the male condom in relations with vaginal intercourse of young Spaniards between fourteen and twenty-four years]. Diversitas: Perspectivas en Psicología, 4(2), 401–415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luengo-Arjona, P., Orts-Cortés, M. I., Caparrós-González, R. A., & Arroyo-Rubio, O. I. (2007). Comportamiento sexual, prácticas de riesgo y anticoncepción en jóvenes universitarios de Alicante [Sexual behavior, unsafe prácticas and contracepction in students attending Alicante University (Spain)]. Enfermería Clínica, 17(2), 85–89. http://doi.org/10.1016/S1130-8621(07)71774-6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacDonald, T. K., McKenna, C., & Mouck, L. C. (2016). The person and the partner: Individual differences moderate the relationship between partner feedback and condom use. AIDS & Behavior, 20, 185–196. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-015-1153-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martín-Albo, J., Núñez, J. L., Navarro, J. G., & Grijalvo, F. (2007). The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: Translation and validation in university students. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 10(2), 458–467. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1138741600006727CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social (2017). Interrupción voluntaria del embarazo. Datos definitivos correspondientes al año 2017 [Voluntary interruption of pregnancy. Final data for 2017]. https://www.mscbs.gob.es/profesionales/saludPublica/prevPromocion/embarazo/docs/IVE_2017.pdfGoogle Scholar
Muñoz-Silva, A., Sánchez-García, M., Martins, A., & Nunes, C. (2009). Gender differences in HIV-related sexual behavior among college students from Spain and Portugal. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 12(2), 485–495. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1138741600001864CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prat, F., Planes, M., Gras, M. E., & Sullman, M. J. M. (2016). Perceived pros and cons of condom use as predictors of its consistent use with a heterosexual romantic partner among young adults. Current Psychology, 35, 13–21. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-015-9357-3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rojas-Murcia, C., Pastor, Y., & Esteban-Hernández, J. (2015). Ilusión de invulnerabilidad, estereotipos y percepción de control del SIDA en universitarios [Illusion of invulnerability, stereotypes and perception of control to AIDS in undergraduate students]. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología y Salud, 6(1), 28–38. http://doi.org/10.1016/S2171-2069(15)70004-9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodrigues, D. L., Prada, M., & Lopes, D. (2019). Perceived sexual self-control and condom use with primary and casual sex partners: Age and relationship agreement differences in a Portuguese sample. Psychology & Health, 34(10), 1231–1249. http://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2019.1603384CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Romer, D., & Hennessy, M. (2007). A biosocial-affect model of adolescent sensation seeking: The role of affect evaluation and peer-group influence in adolescent drug use. Prevention Science, 8, 89–101. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-007-0064-7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sánchez-Ojeda, M. A., & Luna-Bertos, E. D. (2015). Hábitos de vida saludable en la población universitaria [Healthy lifestyles of the university population]. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 31(5), 1910–1919. http://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.31.5.8608Google Scholar
Sanz, J., Navarro, M. E., & Vázquez, C. (2003). Adaptación española del Inventario para la Depresión de Beck II (BDI–II): Propiedades psicométricas en estudiantes universitarios [The Spanish adaptation of Beck’s Depression Inventory–II (BDI–II): 2. Psychometric properties in university students]. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, 29(124), 239–288.Google Scholar
Sarno, E. L., Mohr, J. J., & Rosenberger, J.G. (2017). Affect and condom use among men who have sex with men: A daily diary study. AIDS & Behavior, 21, 1429–1443. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1464-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ssewanyana, D., Sebena, R., Petkeviciene, J., Lukács, A., Miovsky, M., & Stock, C. (2015). Condom use in the context of romantic relationships: A study among university students from 12 universities in four Central and Eastern European countries. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care, 20(5), 350–360. http://doi.org/10.3109/13625187.2014.1001024CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Unidad de Vigilancia del VIH y Conductas de Riesgo (2019). Vigilancia epidemiológica de las infecciones de transmisión sexual, 2017 [Epidemiological surveillance of sexually transmitted infections, 2017]. https://www.mscbs.gob.es/ciudadanos/enfLesiones/enfTransmisibles/sida/vigilancia/Vigilancia_ITS_1995_2017_def.pdfGoogle Scholar
Velo-Higueras, C., Cuéllar-Flores, I., Sainz-Costa, T., Navarro-Gómez, M. L., García-Navarro, C., Fernández-McPhee, C., Ramírez, A., Bisbal, O., Blazquez-Gamero, D., Ramos-Amador, J. T., Valencia-Ortega, E., & González-Tomé, I. (2019). Jóvenes y VIH. Conocimiento y conductas de riesgo de un grupo residente en España [Young people and HIV. Knowledge and risk behaviors in a group of residents in Spain]. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica, 37(3), 176–182. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2018.05.015CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vianello, M., Schnabel, K., Sriram, N., & Nosek, B. (2013). Gender differences in implicit and explicit personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(8), 994–999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.08.008CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallston, B. S., Wallston, K. A., Kaplan, G. D., & Maides, S. A. (1976). Development and validation of the health locus of control (HLC) scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 44(4), 580. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.44.4.580CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization (2019). European Health Information Gateway: Data of number of abortions. https://gateway.euro.who.int/en/indicators/hfa_587-7011-number-of-abortions-all-ages/visualizations/#id=20645&tab=tableGoogle Scholar