Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T21:14:56.178Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Contributions of Psychosocial Factors and Physical Activity to Successful Aging

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 July 2018

Melchor Gutiérrez Open the ORCID record for Melchor Gutiérrez [Opens in a new window] ,
José Manuel Tomás  and
Pablo Calatayud
Melchor Gutiérrez*
Affiliation:
Universitat de Valencia (Spain)
José Manuel Tomás
Affiliation:
Universitat de Valencia (Spain)
Pablo Calatayud
Affiliation:
Universitat de Valencia (Spain)
*
*Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Melchor Gutiérrez. Universitat de Valencia. Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación. 46010 Valencia (Spain). E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The aim of this study was twofold: (a) To validate a successful aging model in a Spanish older adult’s sample, and (b) to predict successful aging from psychosocial factors and physical activity. Participants were 725 Spanish older people, of whom 478 were women and 247 men, aged between 55 and 100 years. Of these, 501 were physically active and 197 persons did not practice physical activity. The sample was collected in three areas: Sport centers, day centers and public areas of several Spanish towns. Factorial validity of the Successful Aging Inventory was studied by confirmatory factor analysis, and four multiple regressions to predict each of the dimensions of successful aging (functional performance, intrapsychic factors, gerotranscendence, and spirituality) were estimated. The model of successful aging in Spanish elderly through the Successful Aging Inventory was adequate. The four multiple regressions predicted highly successful aging, with effect sizes of: R2 = .037 for spirituality; .267 for functional performance; .531 for intrapsychic factors; and .356 for gerotrascendece. A main conclusion derived from the results is that older people who do exercise achieve better aging. Another point is that aspects of health and life satisfaction are directly related to better aging while social aspects influence indirectly.

Keywords

leisure activityphysical healthsatisfaction with lifeself-caresocial support
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 21 , 2018 , E26
Copyright
Copyright © Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baltes, P. B., & Baltes, M. M. (1990). Psychological perspectives on successful aging: The model of selective optimization with compensation. In Baltes, P. B. & Baltes, M. M. (Eds.), Successful Aging: Perspectives from the Behavioral Sciences (pp. 1–34). New York, NY, US: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511665684.003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beaglehole, R., Bonita, R., Horton, R., Adams, C., Alleyne, G., Asaria, P., … Watt, J. (2011). Priority actions for the non-communicable disease crisis. The Lancet, 377(9775), 1438–1447. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60393-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bellón, J. A., Delgado, A., Luna del Castillo, J. D., & Lardelli, P. (1996). Validez y fiabilidad del cuestionario de apoyo social funcional Duke–UNC–11. Atención Primaria, 18, 153–163.Google Scholar
Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bherer, L. (2015). Cognitive plasticity in older adults: effects of cognitive training and physical exercise. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1337, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12682CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bosnes, I., Almkvist, O., Bosnes, O., Stordal, E., Romild, U., & Nordahl, H. M. (2017). Prevalence and correlates of successful aging in a population-based sample of older adults: The HUNT study. International Psychogeriatrics, 29(3), 431–440. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610216001861CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Britton, A., Shipley, M., Singh-Martoux, A., & Marmot, M. G. (2008). Successful aging: The contribution of early-life and midlife risk factors. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 56, 1098–1105. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01740.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cesari, M., Vellas, B., Hsu, F.-C., Newman, A. B., Doss, H., King, A. C., … Pahor, M. (2015). A physical activity intervention to treat the frailty syndrome in older persons-results from the LIFE-P study. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 70, 216–222. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glu099CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chatterji, S., Byles, J., Cutler, D., Seeman, T., & Verdes, E. (2015). Health, functioning, and disability in older adults-present status and future implications. The Lancet, 385, 563–575. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61462-8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cheung, K. S.-L., & Lau, B. H-P. (2016). Successful aging among Chinese near-centenarians and centenarians in Hong Kong: A multidimensional and interdisciplinary approach. Aging & Mental Health, 20, 1314–1326. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2015.1078281CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cho, J., Martin, P., & Poon, L. W. (2015). Successful aging and subjective well-being among oldest-old adults. The Gerontologist, 55, 132–143. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnu074CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Christensen, C. L., Payne, V. G., Wughalter, E. H., Van, J. H., Henehan, M., & Jones, R. (2003). Physical activity, physiological, and psychomotor performance: A study of variously active older adult men. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 74, 136–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2003.10609075CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diener, E., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Beyond money: Toward an economy of well-being. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 5, 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.00501001.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diener, E., Emmons, R., Larsen, R., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feng, Q., Son, J., & Zeng, Y. (2015). Prevalence and correlates of successful ageing: A comparative study between China and South Korea. European Journal of Ageing, 12, 83–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-014-0329-5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flood, M. (2002). Successful aging: A concept analysis. Journal of Theory Construction and Testing, 6, 105–108.Google Scholar
Flood, M. (2005). A mid-range theory of successful aging. Journal of Theory Construction and Testing, 9, 35–39.Google Scholar
Forbes, S. C., Forbes, D., Forbes, S., Blake, C. M., Chong, L. Y., Thiessen, E. J., … Little, J. P. (2015). Exercise interventions for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in late life. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 5, Art. No.: CD011704. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011704Google Scholar
Galiana, L., Oliver, A., Sansó, N., & Benito, E. (2015). Validation of a new instrument for self-care in Spanish palliative care professionals nationwide. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 18, E67. https://doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2015.71CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gonzalo, T., & Ubillos, S. (2016). Women, physical activity, and quality of life: Self-concept as a mediator. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 19, E6, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2016.4Google Scholar
Gow, A. J., Pattie, A., Whiteman, M. C., Whalley, L. J., & Deary, I. J. (2007). Social support and successful aging: Investigating the relationships between lifetime cognitive change and life satisfaction. Journal of Individual Differences, 28, 103–115. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001.28.3.103CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howie, L. O., Troutman-Jordan, M., & Newman, A. M. (2014). Social support and successful aging in assisted living residents. Educational Gerontology, 40, 61–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2013.768085CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsu, H. C., & Chang, W. C. (2015). Reducing the risks of morbidity, disability, and mortality using successful aging strategies. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 63, 2426–2428. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13817CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khazaee-pool, M., Sadeghi, R., Majlessi, F., & Foroushani, A. R. (2015). Effects of physical exercise programme on happiness among older people. Journal of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing, 22, 47–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12168CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, E. J. (2013). Accessing factor structure and construct validity of the successful aging inventory. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 43, 568–578. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.4.568CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kline, R. B. (1998). Principles and practice of Structural equation modeling. New York; NY: Guilford.Google Scholar
Kozar-Westman, M., Troutman-Jordan, M., & Nies, M. A. (2013). Successful aging among assisted living community older adults. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 45, 238–246. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12027Google ScholarPubMed
Lee, P.-L., Lan, W., & Yen, T.-W. (2011). Aging successfully: A four-factor model. Educational Gerontology, 37, 210–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2010.487759CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, P., Kelly, N., Kahana, B., Kahana, E., Willcox, B. J., Willcox, D. C., & Poon, L. W. (2015). Defining successful aging: A tangible or elusive concept? The Gerontologist, 55, 14–25. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnu044CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCarthy, V. L. (2010). Exploring a new theory of successful aging among low-income older adults in an independent and assisted living community (Published doctoral dissertation). University of Louisville, Kentucky. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/820916526?pq-origsite=summonGoogle Scholar
Prakash, R. S., Voss, M. W., Erickson, K. I., & Kramer, A. F. (2015). Physical activity and cognitive vitality. Annual Review of Psychology, 66, 769–797. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015249CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reid, K. F., Martin, K. I., Doros, G., Clark, D. J., Hau, C., Patten, C., … Fielding, R. A. (2015). Comparative effects of light or heavy resistance power training for improving lower extremity power and physical performance in mobility-limited older adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 70, 374–380. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glu156CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ritchie, S. J., Tucker-Drob, E. M., Starr, J. M., & Deary, I. J. (2016). Do cognitive and physical functions age in concert from age 70 to 76? Evidence from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 19, E90, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2016.85Google ScholarPubMed
Rowe, J. W., & Kahn, R. L. (1997). Successful aging. The Gerontologist, 37, 433–440. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/37.4.433CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shiovitz-Ezra, S., & Litwin, H. (2015). Social network type and health among older Americans. In Nyqvist, F. & Forsman, A. K. (Ed.), Social capital as a health resource in later life: The relevance of context (pp. 15–31). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stenholm, S., Westerlund, H., Head, J., Hyde, M., Kawachi, I., Pentti, J., … Vahtera, J. (2015). Comorbidity and functional trajectories from midlife to old age: The health and retirement study. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 70, 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glu113CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tanaka, J. S. (1993). Multifaceted conceptions of fit in structural equation models. Sage Focus Editions, 154, 1–10.Google Scholar
Tornstam, L. (1994). Gero-transcendence: A theoretical and empirical exploration. In Thomas, L. & Eisenhandler, S. (Eds.), Aging and the religious dimension (pp. 203–225). Westport, CT: Auburn House.Google Scholar
Tornstam, L. (1997). Gerotranscendence: The contemplative dimension of aging. Journal of Aging Studies, 11, 143–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0890-4065(97)90018-9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tornstam, L. (2005). A developmental theory of positive aging. New York, NY: Springer.Google Scholar
Troutman, M., Nies, M. A., Small, S., & Bates, A. (2011). The development and testing of an instrument to measure successful aging. Research in Gerontological Nursing, 4, 221–232. https://doi.org/10.3928/19404921-20110106-02CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ullman, J. B. (1996). Structural equation modeling. In Tabachnick, B. & Fidell, L. (Eds.), Using multivariate statistics (pp. 709–812). New York, NY: HarperCollins.Google Scholar
van Dyck, D., Teychenne, M., McNaughton, S. A., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., & Salmon, J. (2015). Relationship of the perceived social and physical environment with mental health-related quality of life in middle-aged and older adults: Mediating effects of physical activity. PLoS ONE, 10, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120475CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Verghese, J., Lipton, R. B., Katz, M. J., Hall, C. B., Derby, C. A., Kuslansky, G., … Buschke, H. (2003). Leisure activities and the risk of dementia in the elderly. The New England Journal of Medicine, 348, 2508–2516. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa022252CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ware, J. E., Kosinski, M., Dewey, J. E., & Gandek, M. S. (2001). How to score and interpret single-item health staus measures: A manual for users of the SF–8 Health Survey. Lincoln, RI: Quality Metric.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (2015). Global report on aging and health. Retrieved from WHO website http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/186466/1/9789240694873_spa.pdf?ua=1Google Scholar